x11 demo

demo1

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void) {
    Display *d;
    Window w;
    XEvent e;
    char *msg = "Hello, World!";
    int s;

    d = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
    if (d == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open display\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    s = DefaultScreen(d);
    w = XCreateSimpleWindow(d, RootWindow(d, s), 100, 100, 500, 500, 1, 777215, 111111);
    printf("BlackPixel(d, s) is %d\n", (int) BlackPixel(d, s));
    printf("WhitePixel(d, s) is %d\n", (int) WhitePixel(d, s));
    XSelectInput(d, w, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask);
    XMapWindow(d, w);

    while (1) {
        XNextEvent(d, &e);
        if (e.type == Expose) {
            XFillRectangle(d, w, DefaultGC(d, s), 20, 20, 100, 100);
            XDrawString(d, w, DefaultGC(d, s), 230, 250, msg, strlen(msg));
        }
        if (e.type == KeyPress)
            break;
    }

    XCloseDisplay(d);
    return 0;
}

demo2

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include <X11/Xos.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void draw(Display *display, Window win, GC gc, XFontStruct *fs, XFontStruct *fs16) {
    char *str1 = "Hello World!";
    char *str2 = "你好，大家??！";

//參考線
    XDrawLine(display, win, gc, 20, 100, 300, 100);
//畫字符串
    XSetFont(display, gc, fs->fid);
    XDrawString(display, win, gc, 20, 100, str1, strlen(str1));
//計算寬度
    printf("str1 width:%d\n", XTextWidth(fs, str1, strlen(str1)));

//畫中文字符串
    XSetFont(display, gc, fs16->fid);
    XDrawString16(display, win, gc, 200, 100, (XChar2b *) str2, strlen(str2) / 2);
//計算寬度
    printf("str2 width:%d\n", XTextWidth16(fs16, (XChar2b *) str2, strlen(str2)));


}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int i;
    Display *display;
    int screen_num;
    Window win; //窗口ID

    unsigned int width, height; //窗口尺寸

    unsigned int border_width = 4; //邊界空白

    unsigned int display_width, display_height;//屏幕尺寸

    int count;
    XEvent report;
    GC gc;
    unsigned long valuemask = 0;
    XGCValues values;
    char *display_name = NULL;
    char **fonts;
    int font_count;
    XFontStruct *fs, *fs16;

// 和X 服務器連接
    if ((display = XOpenDisplay(display_name)) == NULL) {
        printf("Cannot connect to X server %s\n",
               XDisplayName(display_name));
        exit(-1);
    }

//獲得缺省的 screen_num
    screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);

//獲得屏幕的寬度和高度
    display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
    display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);

//指定所建立窗口?寬度和高度

//width = display_width/2;

//height = display_height/2;

    width = 600;
    height = 400;

//列出所有GB2312
    printf("All gb2312 fonts on this server:\n");
    fonts = XListFonts(display, "*gb2312*", 10000, &font_count);
    for (i = 0; i < font_count; i++)
        printf("%s\n", fonts[i]);
    XFreeFontNames(fonts);

//載入8x16字體

    if ((fs = XLoadQueryFont(display, "9x15")) == NULL) {
        printf("Cannot load font 9x15\n");
        exit(1);
    }
//載入中文16點陣字體

    if ((fs16 = XLoadQueryFont(display, "hanzigb16st")) == NULL) {
        printf("Cannot load Chinese font\n");
        exit(1);
    }

//建立窗口

    win = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, //display

                              RootWindow(display, screen_num), //父窗口

                              0, 0, width, height, //位置和大小

                              border_width, //邊界寬度

                              BlackPixel(display, screen_num), //前景色

                              WhitePixel(display, screen_num));//背景色


//選擇窗口感興趣的事件掩碼

    XSelectInput(display, win,
                 ExposureMask | KeyPressMask |
                 ButtonPressMask | StructureNotifyMask);

//建立GC

    gc = XCreateGC(display, win, valuemask, &values);

//顯示窗口

    XMapWindow(display, win);

//進入事件循環

    while (1) {

//取得隊列中的事件

        XNextEvent(display, &report);
        switch (report.type) {

//曝光事件, 窗口應重繪

            case Expose:
//取得最後一個曝光事件

                if (report.xexpose.count != 0) break;
                draw(display, win, gc, fs, fs16);
                break;

//窗口尺寸改變, 重新取得窗口的寬度和高度

            case ConfigureNotify:
                width = report.xconfigure.width;
                height = report.xconfigure.height;
                break;

//鼠標點擊或有按鍵, 釋放資源?退出

            case ButtonPress:
                XFreeGC(display, gc);
                XCloseDisplay(display);
                exit(1);
            case KeyPress:
                printf("report: %c\n", report.xkey.keycode);
                break;
            default:

                break;
        }
    }
}

demo3

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    Display *d;
    Window w, wb;
    XEvent event;
    Font f;
    GC gc;
    d = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
    w = XCreateSimpleWindow(d, RootWindow(d, 0),
                            180, 50,
                            260, 160,
                            1, WhitePixel(d, 0), BlackPixel(d, 0));
    XSelectInput(d, w, ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask);

    wb = XCreateSimpleWindow(d, w,
                             20, 20,
                             100, 20,
                             1, WhitePixel(d, 0), BlackPixel(d, 0));

    XSelectInput(d, wb, ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask);

    gc = XCreateGC(d, w, 0, 0);
    f = XLoadFont(d, "fixed");
    XSetFont(d, gc, f);
    XMapWindow(d, w);
    XMapWindow(d, wb);
    XFlush(d);

    while (1) {
        XNextEvent(d, &event);
        switch (event.type) {

            case Expose:
                if (event.xany.window == wb) {
                    XSetForeground(d, gc, BlackPixel(d, 0));
                    XFillRectangle(d, w, gc, 0, 0, 300, 200);
                    XSetForeground(d, gc, WhitePixel(d, 0));
                    XDrawString(d, wb, gc, 10, 10, "push", 4);//把push換成中文例如”確 //定”？？？？？爲什麼編譯完後，執行，不能出現中文

                }
                break;

            case ButtonPress:
                if (event.xany.window == w) {
                    printf("w ");
                    fflush(stdout);
                }
                if (event.xany.window == wb) {
                    printf("wb ");
                    fflush(stdout);
                }
                break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

demo4

#include <stdio.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
/*
#include <locale.h>
*/
#include <X11/Xlocale.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void DrawCenteredMbString(Display *, Window, XFontSet, GC, char *, int, int, int, int, int);

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    Display *dpy;
    Window w;
    XFontSet fontset;
    char **missing_charsets;
    int num_missing_charsets;
    char *default_string;
    int i;
    GC gc;
    XEvent xe;

    char *program_name = argv[0];

    if (setlocale(LC_ALL, "") == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot set locale.n",
                       program_name);
        exit(1);
    }

    if (!XSupportsLocale()) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: X does not support locale %s.n",
                       program_name, setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL));
        exit(1);
    }

    if (XSetLocaleModifiers("") == NULL) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
                       "%s: Warning: cannot set locale modifiers.n",
                       program_name);
    }

    dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
    w = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy, RootWindow(dpy, 0), 50, 50,
                            600, 550, 5, BlackPixel(dpy, 0),
                            WhitePixel(dpy, 0));
    gc = XCreateGC(dpy, w, 0L, (XGCValues *) NULL);

    fontset = XCreateFontSet(dpy, "-*-*-*-*-*-*-16-*-*-*-*-*-*-*",
                             &missing_charsets, &num_missing_charsets,
                             &default_string);
    if (num_missing_charsets > 0) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
                       "%s: The following charsets are missing:n",
                       program_name);
        for (i = 0; i < num_missing_charsets; i++)
            (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: %sn", program_name,
                           missing_charsets);
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: The string is %s", program_name,
                       default_string);
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
                       "%s: of any characters from those sets.n",
                       program_name);
        XFreeStringList(missing_charsets);
    }

    XSetLineAttributes(dpy, gc, 5, LineSolid, CapRound, JoinRound);

    XSelectInput(dpy, w, ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask
                         | EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask);

    XMapWindow(dpy, w);

    XFlush(dpy);

    while (True) {
        XNextEvent(dpy, &xe);

        switch (xe.type) {

            case Expose:
                printf("Expose 出現.n");
                XSetForeground(dpy, gc, BlackPixel(dpy, 0));
                DrawCenteredMbString(dpy, w, fontset, gc,
                                     "你好 Hello",
                                     10, 0, 0, 100, 50);
                break;
            case ButtonPress:
                printf("按下!n");
                exit(1);
                break;
            case EnterNotify:
                printf("進入.n");
                XSetForeground(dpy, gc, BlackPixel(dpy, 0));
                XDrawRectangle(dpy, w, gc, 0, 0, 100, 50);
                break;
            case LeaveNotify:
                printf("離開.n");
                XSetForeground(dpy, gc, WhitePixel(dpy, 0));
                XDrawRectangle(dpy, w, gc, 0, 0, 100, 50);
                break;
            default:
                printf("默認.n");
                break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

void
DrawCenteredMbString(Display *dpy, Window w, XFontSet fontset, GC gc, char *str, int num_bytes, int x, int y, int width,
                     int height) {
    XRectangle boundingbox;
    XRectangle dummy;
    int originx, originy;

    (void) XmbTextExtents(fontset, str, num_bytes, &dummy, &boundingbox);

    originx = x + (width - boundingbox.width) / 2 - boundingbox.x;
    originy = y + (height - boundingbox.height) / 2 - boundingbox.y;

    XmbDrawString(dpy, w, fontset, gc, originx, originy, str, num_bytes);
}

還有一個神奇的CMakeLists.txt寫法
CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(x11_demo C)

set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)

add_executable(x11_demo main.c)
foreach (it RANGE 1 4)
    message(${it})
        set(TARGET "demo${it}")
    add_executable(${TARGET} "demo${it}.c")
    target_link_libraries(${TARGET} X11)
endforeach ()

工程文件：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_32768743/10528552
參考：
http://blog.163.com/hbu_lijian/blog/static/12612915320125203633645/

自學編程兩個月，現在我月入 4 萬元

「實戰應用」如何用圖表控件LightningChart創建2D氣泡圖

百度安全多篇議題入選Blackhat Asia以硬技術發現“芯”問題

Google Chrome驅動程序 124.0.6367.62（正式版本）去哪下載？

換電腦後，Zotero的一些配置

cuda 10 環境下安裝 pytorch_geometric

圖神經網絡學習筆記：Graph Attention Network 淺析

TeXmacs開發：用tm2md將TeXmacs文檔轉換爲markdown文檔

圖神經網絡學習筆記：2018年-2020年 GNN論文簡讀（其他部分）

https://yachay.unat.edu.pe/blog/index.php?comment_area=format_blog&comment_component=blog&comment_co

linux以太網驅動總結