本文非常簡要介紹如何使用Spring Cloud Gateway最API 網關(不是使用zuul作爲網關),關於Spring Cloud Gateway和zuul的性能比較本文不再贅述,基本可以肯定Spring Cloud Finchley版本的gateway比zuul 1.x系列的性能和功能整體要好。
特別提醒:Spring Cloud Finchley版本中,即使你引入了spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul,也不是2.0版本的zuul
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
我們的介紹分爲3個部分, 第一,pom文件,第二項目的基本架構,第三源碼和截圖。
- 第一,pom文件
因爲使用Eureka作爲服務註冊和發現,因此在pom中引入了eureka,各位可根據自己的實際情況修改。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yq</groupId>
<artifactId>GatewayDemo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- fastjson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.1.33</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 第二,項目結構
總共有3個項目,
第一個項目是eureka 註冊中心,非常簡單,基本就一個Application類。 端口7700
第二個項目是User service,也非常簡單提供兩個rest api,爲了簡略不連接數據,直接在內從中生成一組數據。端口6601
第三個項目就是我們的網關。端口6604
目前項目中集成websocket服務配置,本文咱不介紹可直接忽略。
- 第三,項目代碼和運行截圖
網關的主代碼
package com.yq;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunction;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
@SpringCloudApplication
public class APIGatewayApplication {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(APIGatewayApplication.class);
@Bean
public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
.route(r -> r.path("/baidu")
.uri("http://baidu.com:80/")
)
.route("websocket_route", r -> r.path("/apitopic1/**")
.uri("ws://127.0.0.1:6605"))
.route(r -> r.path("/userapi3/**")
.filters(f -> f.addResponseHeader("X-AnotherHeader", "testapi3"))
.uri("lb://user-service/")
)
.build();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(APIGatewayApplication.class, args);
logger.info(" Start APIGatewayApplication Done");
}
}
網關的配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 6604
#服務名
spring:
application:
name: gateway-service
cloud:
gateway:
filter:
remove-non-proxy-headers:
headers:
- dummy
routes:
- id: apiuser
# 重點!/info必須使用http進行轉發,lb代表從註冊中心獲取服務
uri: lb://user-service
predicates:
# 重點!轉發該路徑!,/userapi/**,
- Path=/userapi/**
# http://localhost:6601/userapi/user/users/2, 必須加上StripPrefix=1,否則訪問服務時會帶上userapi
#而不是我們期望的去掉userapi,只保留**部分
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
- id: api2user
uri: lb://user-service
predicates:
- Path=/userapi2/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7700/eureka/
我們簡要分析分析一下配置文件
- id: apiuser
# 重點!/info必須使用http進行轉發,lb代表從註冊中心獲取服務
uri: lb://user-service
predicates:
# 重點!轉發該路徑!,/userapi/**,
- Path=/userapi/**
# http://localhost:6601/userapi/user/users/2, 必須加上StripPrefix=1,否則訪問服務時會帶上userapi
#而不是我們期望的去掉userapi,只保留**部分
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
配置了一個路由apiuser, 當路徑( - Path=/userapi/**),就轉發到服務(lb://user-service),同時把路徑中的userapi這部分去掉(- StripPrefix=1)。
- 運行效果圖
直接訪問User service
http://localhost:6601/user/users/2
通過網關訪問user service
http://localhost:6604/userapi/user/users/2
參考文檔:
1, http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Finchley/single/spring-cloud.html#_spring_cloud_gateway
2, https://github.com/spring-cloud-samples/spring-cloud-gateway-sample