linux安裝MySql問題彙總

MySql下載地址http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/

1.rpm安裝，安裝MySQL時出現不兼容

# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm 

warning: MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
        file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/README from install of MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
        file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
        file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/armscii8.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
        file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ascii.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
        file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1250.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
……

解決：# yum remove mysql-libs 

2.安裝過程中出現

warning: MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6   ################################# [100%]
error: unpacking of archive failed on file /usr/bin/myisampack;57ea0f54: cpio: read failed - No such file or directory
error: MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.linux2.6.x86_64: install failed

解決：可能是下載過程中文件被修改或者缺失，centOS有圖形界面，所以我是直接從Windows上粘貼複製過去的，後來用rz上傳，就沒問題了

3.如果已安裝過MySql

檢查一下：# rpm -qa | grep MySQL
MySQL-server-5.0.27-0.glibc23
然後，
# rpm -e --nodeps MySQL-server-5.0.27-0.glibc23
不行的話可以用#rpm -e --allmatches MySQL-server-5.0.27-0.glibc23 搞定。再
# find / -name mysql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/var/lock/subsys/mysql

mysql的相關文件應該可以手動刪除了 示例 rm -rf /var/lib/mysql 

mysql啓動：/etc/init.d/mysql start
mysql停止：/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

rpm命令參數： --force忽略軟件包及文件的衝動
--nodeps 不檢查依賴性關係
--dbpath設置RPM資料庫所在的路徑
--prefix 將軟件包安裝到由指定的目錄下

4.mysql的幾個重要目錄

數據庫目錄

/var/lib/mysql/

配置文件

/usr/share/mysql（mysql.server命令及配置文件）

相關命令

/usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)

啓動腳本

/etc/rc.d/init.d/（啓動腳本文件mysql的目錄）

5.修改密碼

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
# mysql -u root mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('newpassword') where USER='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> quit
# /etc/init.d/mysql restart
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: <輸入新設的密碼newpassword>

6.獲取mysql的安裝路徑

which mysqld

7.查看mysql的默認配置信息

通過上面的安裝路徑 加--verbose --help 來查看

如 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --verbose --help

8.查找mysql使用的my.cnf文件路徑

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --verbose --help |grep -A 1 'Default options'

執行結果如下

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

系統默認是按/etc/my.cnf-----/etc/mysql/my.cnf----/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf的順序讀取配置文件的，當有多個配置文件時，mysql會以讀取到的最後一個配置文件中的參數爲準。