linux運維第二十講

郵件的收發
1.收發郵件的前期準備
   此次試驗需要
       虛擬機1：域名設置爲mailwestos.westos.com IP=172.25.254.25
       虛擬機2：域名設置爲maillinux.linux.com    IP=172.25.254.26
   1.1 dns的設置：
      虛擬機1設置：
        1 hostnamectl set-hostname mailwestos.westos.com   ##設置主機名
        4 yum install bind -y           ##安裝dns服務
        5 vim /etc/named.conf
           .....
           //   listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };   ##加//默認功能全開
               listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
               directory    "/var/named";
               dump-file    "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
               statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
               memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
           //   allow-query     { localhost; };

           dnssec-validation no;       ##關閉外網連接
           .....
        8 cd /var/named/
       10 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
           ....
           zone "westos.com" IN {
               type master;
               file "westos.com.zone";
               allow-update { none; };
           };
           zone "linux.com" IN {
               type master;
               file "linux.com.zone";
               allow-update { none; };
           ....
       12 cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone
       13 vim westos.com.zone
           $TTL 1D
           @   IN SOA   dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (
                               0   ; serial
                               1D   ; refresh
                               1H   ; retry
                               1W   ; expire
                               3H )   ; minimum
                   NS   dns.westos.com.
           dns       A   172.25.254.25
           westos.com.   MX 1   172.25.254.25.
       14 cp -p westos.com.zone linux.com.zone
       15 vim linux.com.zone
           $TTL 1D
           @   IN SOA   dns.linux.com. root.linux.com. (
                               0   ; serial
                               1D   ; refresh
                               1H   ; retry
                               1W   ; expire
                               3H )   ; minimum
                   NS   dns.linux.com.
           dns       A   172.25.254.25
           linux.com.   MX 1   172.25.254.26.
       16 systemctl restart named
       17 vim /etc/resolv.conf
           nameserver 172.25.254.25
       18 dig -t mx westos.com           ##該命令用於檢測
       19 dig -t mx linux.com
       21 systemctl stop firewalld.service
   虛擬機2設置：
       systemctl stop firewalld
       vim /etc/resolve.conf
           nameserver 172.25.254.25
   1.2 25端口的設置
       虛擬機1,2都的設置：（只有設置了25端口才能，接收郵件）
           rpm -qa | grep postfix       ##查詢是否安裝該軟件
               [root@jetslinux postfix]# rpm -qa | grep postfix(該命令由後期補充所以主機名與筆記不一致)
               postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64       ##存在該軟件
               [root@jetslinux postfix]#
           vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
               76 myhostname = mailwestos.westos.com   ##主機名
               83 mydomain = westos.com       ##域名
               99 myorigin = $mydomain
               113 inet_interfaces = all       ##此功能爲接收從遠程主機發送的本地郵件（默認只能接收本地用戶）
               114 #inet_interfaces = $myhostname
               115 #inet_interfaces = $myhostname, localhost
               116 #inet_interfaces = localhost
               164 mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost

   1.3 郵件羣發或別名發送
       虛擬機2設置：
           56 vim /etc/aliases
               .....
               admin:          root   ##別名發送
               more:           :include:/etc/postfix/users   ##羣發
               .....
           57 postalias /etc/aliases       ##編輯完上面文件，必須對其進行加密
           58 cd /etc/postfix/
           60 vim users
           61 mail more       ##羣發
           63 mail -u student       ##查看用戶student郵箱

64 mail admin ##別名發送

   1.4 域名轉換(入站地址僞裝)
       虛擬機2設置：
           68 vim /etc/postfix/virtual
               [email protected] (假域名)           [email protected]（真域名）
               @qq.com                 @linux.com
           69 postmap /etc/postfix/virtual    ##加密
           70 postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual"   ##加密
           71 ls
              virtual.db
           72 mail [email protected]
           77 systemctl restart postfix.service
           78 mail [email protected]
           79 mail -u student       ##查看郵箱student
       使用虛擬機1：
           mail [email protected]   ##模擬給qq發郵件

   1.5 出站地址僞裝
       虛擬機2中的設置：
           32 vim /etc/postfix/generic
               [email protected](true)          [email protected]
           33 postmap /etc/postfix/generic
           34 postconf -d | grep generic
           35 postconf -e "smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic"
           36 systemctl restart postfix.service
           37 mail [email protected]       ##模擬給westos回覆郵件，可注意到恢復人是[email protected]

       虛擬機1中的設置：(這樣設置可以發送郵件給qq域名)
               87 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
               .....
               zone "qq.com" IN {
               type master;
               file "qq.com.zone";
               allow-update { none; };
               };
               .....
           89 cd /var/named/
           92 cp -p linux.com.zone qq.com.zone
           93 vim qq.com.zone
               $TTL 1D
               @       IN SOA dns.qq.com. root.qq.com. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
                       NS      dns.qq.com.
               dns             A       172.25.254.25
               qq.com.         MX 1    172.25.254.26.
           94 systemctl restart named
           95 mail [email protected]
【postqueue -f   再次立即發送所有隊列中的郵件】
   1.6 遠程收發郵件
          遠端客戶端：（真機做測試）
          869 yum install telnet -y       ##安裝遠程發送郵件
          870 systemctl start telnet
          871 telnet 172.25.254.26 25
               [root@foundation24 Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.26 25
               Trying 172.25.254.26...
               Connected to 172.25.254.26.
               Escape character is '^]'.
               220 maillinux.linux.com ESMTP Postfix
               ehlo hello       ##聞訊語句，測試是否連通
               250-maillinux.linux.com
               250-PIPELINING
               250-SIZE 10240000
               250-VRFY
               250-ETRN
               250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
               250-8BITMIME
               250 DSN
               mail from:[email protected]   ##發件人
               250 2.1.0 Ok
               rcpt to:[email protected]       ##收件人
               250 2.1.5 Ok
               data       ##輸入
               354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
               woshi24       ##郵件內容
               .
               250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 38DA017E856
               quit       ##退出
               221 2.0.0 Bye

   虛擬機2設置：
           41 yum install dovecot -y
           42 vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
               ......
                  24 protocols = imap pop3 lmtp
                  48 login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0/0
                  49 disable_plaintext_auth = no
               ......
           43 vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
               .......
               mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
               .......
           44 mail -u student       ##查看student用戶有無郵件可供測試
           45 mail [email protected]   ##自己給自己發送郵件
           46 mail -u student
           47 su - student
           48 systemctl restart dovecot   ##重啓服務
           student用戶下：
                    1 cd /home/student/
                    2 ls
                    3 mkdir mail/.imap
                    4 mkdir -p mail/.imap
                    5 ls
                    6 cd mail/
                    7 ls
                    8 cd .imap/
                    9 touch INBOX
       真機測試：
          872 yum install mutt -y
          876 mutt -f pop://[email protected]    ##可查看虛擬機2上的student郵箱

   雷鳥的安裝：
       [root@foundation66 software]# yum install thunderbird-31.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -y
       新用戶的建立：

2. 創建虛擬郵箱帳號
   2.1 安裝數據庫
       虛擬機2設置：
           56 yum install mariadb-server.x86_64 httpd php php-mysql -y
           57 systemctl start mariadb
           58 vim /etc/my.cnf
               .....
               skip-networking=1
               .....
           59 mysql_secure_installation        ##設置數據庫登陸密碼
           60 systemctl restart mariadb.service
           61 cd /var/www/html/
           62 yum install lftp -y       ##安裝此命令，是爲了從主機上獲得數據庫插件
           65 tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2
           67 rm -fr phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2
           69 mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages/ mysqladmin   ##將文件重命名，便於識記
           71 cd mysqladmin/
           72 cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
           73 vim config.inc.php        ##裏面的上引號內容可以隨便填寫
           74 systemctl restart httpd
           75 mysql -uroot -p
               MariaDB [(none)]> create user postfix@localhost identified by 'postfix';   ##創建用戶

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT INSERT,SELECT on email.* to postfix@localhost; ##給用戶授權

   2.2 虛擬機2設置
           78 cd /etc/postfix/
           79 ls
           80 vim mysql-user.cf
           hosts = localhost
           user = postfix
           password = postfix
           dbname = email
           table = mailuser
           select_field = username
           where_field = username
           81 cp mysql-user.cf mysql-domain.cf
           82 vim mysql-domain.cf
           hosts = localhost
           user = postfix
           password = postfix
           dbname = email
           table = mailuser
           select_field = domain
           where_field = domain
           83 cp mysql-user.cf mysql-mailbox.cf
           84 vim mysql-mailbox.cf
           hosts = localhost
           user = postfix
           password = postfix
           dbname = email
           table = mailuser
           select_field = maildir
           where_field = username
           85 postmap -q "[email protected]" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf
           86 postmap -q "[email protected]" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-mailbox.cf
           87 postmap -q "redhat.com" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf

       測試上述文件是否起作用：
       【
           [root@maillinux postfix]# postmap -q "[email protected]" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf
           [email protected]
           [root@maillinux postfix]# postmap -q "[email protected]" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-mailbox.cf
           /var/spool/redhat.co
           [root@maillinux postfix]# postmap -q "redhat.com" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf
           redhat.com
       】
   2.3 遠程發送
       虛擬機2設置：
           【
                cd /etc/skel/
                3 mkdir -p mail/.imap
                4 ls
                5 cd mail/
                6 ls
                7 cd .imap/
                8 touch INBOX
           】   ##這些操作保證新建用戶可以自動建立/home/username/mail

               14 vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
                   刪掉之前建立的最後兩行
               15 postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail"
               16 postconf -e "virtual_gid_maps = static:888"
               17 postconf -e "virtual_uid_maps = static:888"
               18 postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf"
               19 postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf"
               20 postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-mailbox.cf"
               22 mail [email protected]
               24 cd redhat.com/admin/new

31 cat 1489223524.Vfd01I280f499M802004.maillinux.linux.com

       2.4 遠程接收郵件

       虛擬機2設置：
               23 yum install dovecot-mysql.x86_64 -y
               24 vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
                   .....
                   48 login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0/0   ##允許訪問網絡地址
                  49 disable_plaintext_auth = no       ##開啓明文認證
                   ......
               25 vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
                   123 !include auth-sql.conf.ext       ##開啓數據庫認證
               26 cp /usr/share/doc/dovecot-2.2.10/example-config/dovecot-sql.conf.ext /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
               27 cd /etc/dovecot/
               29 vim dovecot-sql.conf.ext    （該文件內容，關於數據庫信息，以自己建立的數據庫信息爲準）
                   32 driver = mysql
                   71 connect = host=localhost dbname=email（自己建立的數據庫名字） user=postfix（上述新建用戶） password=postfix
                   78 default_pass_scheme = PLAIN       ##加密方式
                   107 password_query = \
                   108   SELECT username, domain, password \
                   109   FROM mailuser WHERE username = '%u' AND domain = '%d'
                   125    user_query = SELECT maildir, 888 AS uid, 888 AS gid FROM mailuser WHERE username = '%u'

               30 vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
                   30 mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n
               31 systemctl start dovecot

       真機測試登陸：
               [root@foundation24 Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.26 110
               Trying 172.25.254.26...
               Connected to 172.25.254.26.
               Escape character is '^]'.
               +OK [XCLIENT] Dovecot ready.
               user [email protected]
               +OK
               pass 123
               +OK Logged in.
       而後在雷鳥上登陸創建用戶，查收郵件

在數據庫中新加入用戶信息，而後在雷鳥上創建該用戶，在數據庫中增添用戶，切忌不可與本機存在的域名重複