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1. 遠程調試的意義
1、 軟件只在特定機器環境下出錯,可以通過遠程調試來查找出錯原因。
2、 與第三方合作,不方便提供代碼,但是又必須解決在合作方機器上出現的特定bug 。
3、 嵌入式開發。
2. 注意事項
1 、要gdb 支持遠程調試,則必須在遠程機器上安裝gdb server ,包含在gdb 源碼中(缺省不安裝gdb server ),需要另外編譯安裝。
2 、要求兩邊的gdb 版本必須一致。
3 、遠程機器必須有目標程序,調試時需要通過gdb server 來啓動目標程序。
4 、客戶機(本地機器)必須有源碼,否則debug 時無法跟蹤符號。
5 、客戶機和服務器的操作系統版本要兼容。
6 、編譯時不能採用-g –O2 ,只能採用-g ,否則編譯器會做優化,代碼不一定按照正常順序執行,對於遠程調試造成一定困擾。
7 、
3. 安裝步驟
1 、查看客戶機和遠程機器的gdb 版本:rpm -qa|grep gdb 或gdb -v 。
2 、下載gdb 源碼(http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/ ), 我選擇的是gdb-6.3.tar.gz 。
3 、tar xvfz gdb-6.3.tar.gz
4 、cd gdb-6.3
5 、如果機器上沒有安裝gdb ,則執行:./configure;make;make install ,否則進入下一步。
建議還是都執行一下上面的命令。
如果不執行上面的配置和重新編譯,則在曾經升級過gcc 的機器上會出現一些問題。
6 、cd gdb;cd gdbserver
7 、./configure;make;make install
8 、
4. 調試步驟
1、 測試環境:公司外網機房,192.168.93.164 (客戶機),192.168.93.165 (遠程機,目標機器),操作系統Linux AS 4 。
2、 在遠程機進入目標程序目錄。
3、 在目標機(server) 啓動程序 gdbserver 192.168.93.164:1100 test, 設置信任的客戶端機器和監聽端口,並啓動目標程序。
顯示如下類似結果,表明gdbserver 啓動成功:
[root@localhost test]# gdbserver 192.168.93.164:1100 test
Process test created; pid = 19578
Listening on port 1100
4、 在客戶端機器上進入源碼目錄,啓動gdb 調試:gdb test 。
5、 連接到遠程目標服務器:(gdb) target remote 192.168.93.165:1100 。
客戶端會出現:
(gdb) target remote 192.168.93.165:1100
Remote debugging using 192.168.93.165:1100
0x007047c0 in ?? ()
服務器端出現:
Remote debugging from host 192.168.93.164
這種情況表明遠程調試的客戶端和服務器正確建立連接,並準備開始遠程調試。
這一步比較關鍵。
6、 執行gdb 調試命令,跟本地調試基本一樣。
7、 執行list 命令:
(gdb) list
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 int main( void )
3 {
4 int i=2;
5 int x, y;
6
7 x=(++i);
8 printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);
9 x+=(++i);
10 printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);
8、 執行其他命令:
(gdb) b 9
Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048636: file main.cpp, line 9.
(gdb) b 11
Breakpoint 2 at 0x8048647: file main.cpp, line 11.
(gdb) break 13
Breakpoint 3 at 0x8048658: file main.cpp, line 13.
(gdb) list 9,16
9 x+=(++i);
10 printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);
11 x+=(++i);
12 printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);
13 i=2;
14 y=(i++)+(i++)+(i++);
15 printf(" %d %d/n", i,y);
16
(gdb) b 16
Breakpoint 4 at 0x8048669: file main.cpp, line 16.
9、 調試斷點:
(gdb) c
Continuing.
10、 服務器端(目標機器)上輸出:
[root@localhost test]# gdbserver 192.168.93.164:1100 test
Process test created; pid = 13235
Listening on port 1100
Remote debugging from host 192.168.93.164
3 3
4 7
5 12
5 6
Child exited with retcode = 0
Child exited with status 0
GDBserver exiting
11、 特別注意必須使用c 或continue ,不能使用run 或r ,因爲要調試遠程的目標程序,不是運行本地的程序副本。
12、
5. 附測試源代碼
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
int i=2;
int x, y;
x=(++i);
printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);
x+=(++i);
printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);
x+=(++i);
printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);
i=2;
y=(i++)+(i++)+(i++);
printf(" %d %d/n", i,y);
return 0;
}