Linux環境下查看硬件信息

在Linux下查看硬件信息的最基本方法就是利用/proc文件系統，這個動態文件系統裏提供了很多相關的信息，比如：

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[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor   : 0 vendor_id   : GenuineIntel cpu family  : 6 model       : 15 model name  : Genuine Intel(R) CPU           T1400  @ 1.73GHz stepping    : 13 cpu MHz     : 1729.001 cache size  : 512 KB fdiv_bug    : no hlt_bug     : no f00f_bug    : no coma_bug    : no fpu     : yes fpu_exception   : yes cpuid level : 10 ...   [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/ioports 0000-001f : dma1 0020-0021 : pic1 0040-0043 : timer0 0050-0053 : timer1 0060-0060 : keyboard 0064-0064 : keyboard 0070-0071 : rtc0 0080-008f : dma page reg 00a0-00a1 : pic2 00c0-00df : dma2 00f0-00ff : fpu 0170-0177 : 0000:00:07.1   0170-0177 : ata_piix 01f0-01f7 : 0000:00:07.1   01f0-01f7 : ata_piix 02f8-02ff : serial 0376-0376 : 0000:00:07.1 ...   [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal:        1031320 kB MemFree:           54164 kB Buffers:           83676 kB Cached:           659676 kB SwapCached:            8 kB Active:           396052 kB Inactive:         463516 kB Active(anon):      10644 kB Inactive(anon):   110216 kB Active(file):     385408 kB Inactive(file):   353300 kB Unevictable:           0 kB Mlocked:               0 kB HighTotal:        141256 kB HighFree:           6132 kB LowTotal:         890064 kB LowFree:           48032 kB SwapTotal:       2064376 kB SwapFree:        2064368 kB Dirty:                 0 kB Writeback:             0 kB ...   [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/bus/usb/devices   T:  Bus=02 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#=  1 Spd=12  MxCh= 2 B:  Alloc=  0/900 us ( 0%), #Int=  0, #Iso=  0 D:  Ver= 1.10 Cls=09(hub  ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs=  1 P:  Vendor=1d6b ProdID=0001 Rev= 2.06 S:  Manufacturer=Linux 2.6.32-71.el6.i686 uhci_hcd S:  Product=UHCI Host Controller S:  SerialNumber=0000:02:00.0 C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=  0mA I:* If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub  ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub E:  Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS=   2 Ivl=255ms ...   [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/bus/pci/devices 0000    80867190    0                  0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0    agpgart-intel 0008    80867191    0                  0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0 0038    80867110    0                  0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0 0039    80867111    0                1f0                 3f6                 170                 376                10c1                   0                   0                   8                   0                   8                   0                  10                   0                   0    ata_piix 003b    80867113    9                  0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0 003f    15ad0740    9               1081                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0                  40                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0...   [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/bus/input/devices I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0001 Version=0000 N: Name="Power Button" P: Phys=LNXPWRBN/button/input0 S: Sysfs=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input0 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=kbd event0 B: EV=3 B: KEY=100000 0 0 0 ...

/proc文件系統提供了很多用戶接口，但是可讀性不太好，所以也就有了一些更好的工具，比如：lscpu、dmidecode、lspci、smartctl、lsusb，這些命令工具的簡單使用看man手冊即可。當然，也還有很多其它很不錯的工具，但這幾個命令基本也就足夠了，用得最多的也就是這幾個，比如遇到電腦網卡不正常工作就先用lspci看看網卡硬件是否已經找到了等等。示例用法如下：

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[root@localhost ~]# lscpu Architecture:          i686 CPU(s):                1 Thread(s) per core:    1 Core(s) per socket:    1 CPU socket(s):         1 Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel CPU family:            6 Model:                 15 Stepping:              13 CPU MHz:               1729.001 L1d cache:             32K L1i cache:             32K L2 cache:              512K [root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t cache # dmidecode 2.10 SMBIOS 2.4 present.   Handle 0x001C, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information     Socket Designation: L1 Cache     Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1     Operational Mode: Write Back     Location: Internal     Installed Size: 16 kB     Maximum Size: 16 kB     Supported SRAM Types:         Burst         Pipeline Burst         Asynchronous     Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous     Speed: Unknown     Error Correction Type: Unknown     System Type: Unknown     Associativity: Unknown   ...   [root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.10 SMBIOS 2.4 present.   Handle 0x000C, DMI type 5, 46 bytes Memory Controller Information     Error Detecting Method: None     Error Correcting Capabilities:         None     Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave     Current Interleave: One-way Interleave     Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB     Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB     Supported Speeds:         70 ns         60 ns     Supported Memory Types:         FPM         EDO         DIMM         SDRAM     Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V ...   [root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 2.10 SMBIOS 2.4 present.   Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information     Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD     Version: 6.00     Release Date: 09/18/2009     Address: 0xEA2E0     Runtime Size: 89376 bytes     ROM Size: 64 kB     Characteristics:         ISA is supported         PCI is supported         PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported         PNP is supported         APM is supported         BIOS is upgradeable         BIOS shadowing is allowed         ESCD support is available         USB legacy is supported         Smart battery is supported         BIOS boot specification is supported         Targeted content distribution is supported     BIOS Revision: 4.6     Firmware Revision: 0.0   [root@localhost ~]# lspci -t -vv -[0000:00]-+-00.0  Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge            +-01.0-[01]--            +-07.0  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ISA            +-07.1  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE            +-07.3  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI            +-07.7  VMware Virtual Machine Communication Interface            +-0f.0  VMware SVGA II Adapter            +-10.0  LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI            +-11.0-[02]--+-00.0  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 USB            |            +-01.0  Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)            |            +-02.0  Ensoniq ES1371 [AudioPCI-97]            |            \-03.0  VMware USB2 EHCI Controller ...   [root@localhost ~]# smartctl -i /dev/sda1 smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [i686-pc-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http:   Device: VMware,  VMware Virtual S Version: 1.0 Device type: disk Local Time is: Tue Nov 29 23:36:19 2011 EST Device does not support SMART [root@localhost ~]# lsusb Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub