在Android中,androidSDK中集成了Apache的HttpClient模塊,用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協議工具包,並且它支持 HTTP 協議最新的版本和建議。使用HttpClient可以快速開發出功能強大的Http程序。
其次:HttpClient是個很不錯的開源框架,封裝了訪問http的請求頭,參數,內容體,響應等等,
HttpURLConnection是java的標準類,什麼都沒封裝,用起來太原始,不方便,比如重訪問的自定義,以及一些高級功能等。
HttpClient就是一個增強版的HttpURLConnection,HttpURLConnection可以做的事情HttpClient全部可以做;HttpURLConnection沒有提供的有些功能,HttpClient也提供了,但它只是關注於如何發送請求、接收響應,以及管理HTTP連接。
使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單,只要如下幾步即可:
1.創建HttpClient對象。
2.如果需要發送GET請求,創建HttpGet對象;如果需要發送POST請求,創建HttpPost對象。
3.如果需要發送請求參數,可調用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法來添加請求參數;對於HttpPost對象而言,也可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。
4.調用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求,執行該方法返回一個HttpResponse。
5.調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭;調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象,該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可通過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容。
具體對比如下:HTTPClient
String url = "http://192.168.1.100:8080";
public HttpClientServer(){ }
public String doGet(String username,String password){
String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password;
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(getUrl);
HttpParams hp = httpGet.getParams();
hp.getParameter("true");
//httpGet.setp
HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
try {
HttpResponse ht = hc.execute(httpGet);
if(ht.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
HttpEntity he = ht.getEntity();
InputStream is = he.getContent();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String response = "";
String readLine = null;
while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){
//response = br.readLine();
response = response + readLine;
}
is.close();
br.close();
//String str = EntityUtils.toString(he);
return response;
}else{
return "error";
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "exception";
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "exception";
}
}
public String doPost(String username,String password){
//String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(urlAddress);
List params = new ArrayList();
NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("username", username);
NameValuePair pair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password", password);
params.add(pair1);
params.add(pair2);
HttpEntity he;
try {
he = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "gbk");
httpPost.setEntity(he);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
try {
HttpResponse ht = hc.execute(httpPost);
//連接成功
if(ht.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
HttpEntity het = ht.getEntity();
InputStream is = het.getContent();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String response = "";
String readLine = null;
while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){
//response = br.readLine();
response = response + readLine;
}
is.close();
br.close();
//String str = EntityUtils.toString(he);
return response;
}else{
return "error";
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "exception";
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "exception";
}
}
HttpURLConnection:
String url = "http://192.168.1.100:8080";
URL url;
HttpURLConnection uRLConnection;
public UrlConnectionToServer(){ }
//向服務器發送get請求
public String doGet(String username,String password){
String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password;
try {
url = new URL(getUrl);
uRLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream is = uRLConnection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String response = "";
String readLine = null;
while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){
//response = br.readLine();
response = response + readLine;
}
is.close();
br.close();
uRLConnection.disconnect();
return response;
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
returnnull;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
returnnull;
}
}
//向服務器發送post請求
public String doPost(String username,String password){
try {
url = new URL(urlAddress);
uRLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
uRLConnection.setDoInput(true);
uRLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
uRLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
uRLConnection.setUseCaches(false);
uRLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
uRLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
uRLConnection.connect();
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(uRLConnection.getOutputStream());
String content = "username="+username+"&password="+password;
out.writeBytes(content);
out.flush();
out.close();
InputStream is = uRLConnection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String response = "";
String readLine = null;
while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){
//response = br.readLine();
response = response + readLine;
}
is.close();
br.close();
uRLConnection.disconnect();
return response;
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
returnnull;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
returnnull;
}
}
客戶端操作:
String url = "http://192.168.1.102:8080";
String body =
getContent(urlAddress);
JSONArray array = new JSONArray(body);
for(int i=0;i<array.length();i++)
{
obj = array.getJSONObject(i);
sb.append("用戶名:").append(obj.getString("username")).append("\t");
sb.append("密碼:").append(obj.getString("password")).append("\n");
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
try {
userName = obj.getString("username");
passWord = obj.getString("password");
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
map.put("username", userName);
map.put("password", passWord);
listItem.add(map);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(sb!=null)
{
showResult.setText("用戶名和密碼信息:");
showResult.setTextSize(20);
} else
extracted();
//設置adapter
SimpleAdapter simple = new SimpleAdapter(this,listItem,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,
new String[]{"username","password"},
newint[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});
listResult.setAdapter(simple);
listResult.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
publicvoid onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int position, long id) {
int positionId = (int) (id+1);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "ID:"+positionId, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
}
privatevoid extracted() {
showResult.setText("沒有有效的數據!");
}
//和服務器連接
private String getContent(String url)throws Exception{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
HttpClient client =new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpParams httpParams =client.getParams();
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 3000);
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 5000);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet(url));
HttpEntity entity =response.getEntity();
if(entity !=null){
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader
(entity.getContent(),"UTF-8"),8192);
String line =null;
while ((line= reader.readLine())!=null){
sb.append(line +"\n");
}
reader.close();
}
return sb.toString();
}