ubuntu 9.10安裝後配置全攻略(不斷更新中)-root登錄 vi配置修復 apt-get源 字體修改 輸入法 NetBeans亂碼
新裝了Ubuntu9.10，爲了更好的使用Ubuntu，需要對其進行更好的配置。
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習慣了centos，所以在使用Ubuntu總要加那個sudo很不適應，並且文件夾訪問
也有限制，所以我覺得用root賬戶登錄，方法如下：
sudo passwd root給root設置兩次密碼即可。
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ubuntu的vi不支持方向鍵和退格鍵，所以要想加入這些功能配置如下：
gedit /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny
將 set compatible 改爲set nocompatible
加入一句：set backspace=2
PS: 或者執行 sudo apt-get install vim
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Ubuntu默認屏蔽退出xwindow的快捷鍵，所以如果希望使用ctrl+alt+backspace重啓xwindows或者
使用該快捷鍵註銷登錄，按如下方式修改：
系統–>首選項–>鍵盤，點擊佈局選項卡，然後點擊左下角的 佈局選項。找到Key sequence to kill the X server，勾選上 Contrl+Alt+BackSpace
或者直接在命令行輸入
setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp
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默認Ubuntu帶的源沒辦法下載新軟件，選擇合適的apt-get源，這樣才能更新下載其他軟件，方法如下
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 編輯你的源列表，將原來的內容全部刪除.從下面的源列表中選擇1組(只選擇1組)
覆蓋進去。
Ubuntu 9.10源列表：
臺灣
代碼:
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports universe main multiverse restricted
網易
代碼:
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
SRT Sources
代碼:
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
搜狐（速度很快，稍微不完整）
代碼:
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic universe
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic universe
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates multiverse
北京交通大學
代碼:
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
馬來西亞
代碼:
deb http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.mmu.edu.my/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
江蘇雙線
代碼:
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
日本
代碼:
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe main multiverse restricted
最後執行如下命令：
sudo apt-get update 更新源列表信息
sudo apt-get upgrade 升級apt-get到最新
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將ubuntu字體換爲微軟雅黑並配置小企鵝輸入法(ubuntu自帶的輸入法很讓人不習慣)
1.建立路徑並將字體copy到建立的路徑,但要注意，如果沒有simsun.ttf部分軟件可能找不到默認中文字體，會出現中文亂碼現象。
sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType
sudo cp /media/WINXP/WINDOWS/Fonts/simsun.ttc /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/simsun.ttf
sudo cp /media/WINXP/WINDOWS/Fonts/tahomabd.ttf /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/
sudo cp /media/WINXP/WINDOWS/Fonts/tahoma.ttf /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/
sudo cp /media/WINXP/WINDOWS/Fonts/verdanab.ttf /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/
sudo cp /media/WINXP/WINDOWS/Fonts/verdanai.ttf /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/
sudo cp /media/WINXP/WINDOWS/Fonts/verdana.ttf /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/
sudo cp /media/WINXP/WINDOWS/Fonts/verdanaz.ttf /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/
如果您希望使用chrome瀏覽器，最好在TrueType下新建fallback目錄，把simsun.ttf字體剪切到fallback目錄下，否則chrome小字字體會變的很虛，並且不能加載微軟雅黑字體。
2.下載微軟雅黑字體http://rapidshare.com/files/34563809/YaHei.Consolas.1.11b.zip下載的時候選擇free user，大約等40s鐘下載開始。
將壓縮包裏的內容拷貝到/usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/，改名爲YaHei.Consolas.ttf
3
生成字體目錄列表等命令：
sudo chmod 644 /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType
cd /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/
sudo mkfontscale
sudo mkfontdir
sudo fc-cache /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/
4
修改配置文件
sudo gedit /etc/fonts/conf.d/69-language-selector-zh-cn.conf
找到 行，添加 YaHei Consolas Hybrid 共有三處，都要添加
例如：
<string>YaHei Consolas Hybrid</string>
<string>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</string>
<string>DejaVu Sans Mono</string>
<string>WenQuanYi Zen Hei</string>
<string>AR PL UMing CN</string>
..........
5 重新啓動xwindow 使用ctrl+alt+backspace(能使用這個命令前提是先在 system->preferences->keyboard->layout option->勾選key sequence to kill the x server)
sudo apt-get install fcitx
配置默認輸入法爲 fcitx
im-switch -s fcitx //無須加 sudo
重啓 x-window重啓之後，fcitx 輸入法應當正常啓動，輸入條將顯示在屏幕最上面，不過輸入框中文顯示可能是 “口口”，需要小小的改動。
修改配置文件
gedit ~/.fcitx/config
修改如下幾項：
顯示字體(中)=YaHei Consolas Hybrid # 如果你沒有安裝雅黑，可使用“WenQuanYi Bitmap Song”
修改碼錶文件
sudo gedit /usr/share/fcitx/data/tables.conf
由於五筆拼音已經完全夠用，其它輸入法就沒必要出現了，文件中只需留下如下內容，其它配置段可以清除或註釋掉。
重啓 x-window
正常情況，重啓 x-window 之後，小企鵝輸入法中文顯示將完全正常，且只有“五筆拼音”。
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netbeans安裝和使用亂碼的問題
將windows/fonts/simsun.ttc複製出來到jre/lib/fonts下
建立目錄fallback,將simsun.ttc改爲ttf，拷貝到fallback下，
重啓NetBeans即可。
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使用ubuntu的firefox瀏覽器的時候可能需要上一些音樂類網站，比如一聽網，這時候默認的播放器無法
正常工作，需要下載插件來進行支持：
http://www.go-mono.com/moonlight/
安裝後在提示窗口中選擇enable該插件則可以順利聽音樂了。
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安裝英文詞典stardict
sudo apt-get install stardic
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安裝騰訊QQ
http://im.qq.com/qq/linux/download.shtml
下載deb版本，雙擊安裝即可。
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安裝顯卡驅動如下：
sudo apt-get install envyng-gtk
然後手工鍵入命令 envyng 根據提示選擇安裝方式，我選的是文本安裝，結束後重啓電腦