How to port Ubuntu 11.10 to Beagleboard 怎樣移植Ubuntu 11.10 到BeagleBoard

How to port Ubuntu to Beagleboard 怎樣移植Ubuntu到BeagleBoard

This note followed article named BeagleBoardUbuntu located at http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu

Following method 1 in that article: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image.

For your reference, here we show the kernel information of this Ubuntu 11.10 after porting in advance:

ubuntu@omap:~$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.2.3 - x4 (root@panda - a3 - lgb) (gcc version 4.6.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.1-9ubuntu3) #1 SMP Fri Feb 24 23:33:25 UTC 2012

1.Get prebuilt image: 

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/oneiric/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz
--2012-02-24 09:14:12--  http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/oneiric/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz
Resolving rcn-ee.net... 69.163.149.169
Connecting to rcn-ee.net|69.163.149.169|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 113276232 (108M) [application/x-tar]
Saving to: `ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz'

100%[======================================>] 113,276,232  592K/s   in 3m 10s

2012-02-24 09:17:24 (581 KB/s) - `ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz' saved [113276232/113276232]

2.Verify Image with: 

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ md5sum ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz
dc38df885797c2db3a8fc8265463a43b  ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz

3.Unpack Image:
a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ tar xJf ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz
a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ ls
ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel  ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz
a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ cd ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel/

4.If you don't know the location of your SD card: 

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel$ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --probe-mmc
[sudo] password for a4:

Are you sure? I Don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...

fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 3951 MB, 3951034368 bytes       <---this one is SD card
Disk /dev/sde: 146.8 GB, 146815733760 bytes

mount:
/dev/sde1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
/dev/sde6 on /home type ext4 (rw,commit=0)
/dev/sda1 on /media/b81a4017-ceba-4a04-9485-05421ddeed13 type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks)

5.Quick Install script for "board"

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot "board"

"board" Options:

    BeagleBoard Ax/Bx - beagle_bx
    BeagleBoard Cx - beagle_cx
    BeagleBoard xMA/B/C - beagle_xm
    BeagleBone Ax - bone
    PandaBoard Ax - panda
    PandaBoard ES - panda_es 
So For the BeagleBoard xM:

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel$ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sda --uboot beagle_xm

從附錄可以看到，這個過程共從網絡下載了約100MB文件。
安裝的關鍵在於腳本文件setup_sdcard.sh，附錄貼上了該文件。具體要知道怎樣一步一步移植Ubuntu，請參考文章“BeagleBoardUbuntu”的方法三“Manual Install (no automatic scripts)”，看看怎樣移植x-loader (MLO, 44.1 KB),u-boot (330.4 KB),kernel (uImage, 3 MB),filesystem到SD卡上。

6.Unmount the SD card from the PC, insert into beaglebaord-xm, reboot the board and have OS loaded showed via DVI displayer. Can operate unbuntu via USB keyboard through command line.
此時啓動的系統只是基本的Ubuntu系統，並沒有安裝圖形桌面。
下一步驟操作在beagleboard-xm上的ubuntu（ubuntu@omap）命令行進行，ubuntu輸出設備爲tty1，即輸出設備爲連接的DVI接口顯示器，串口無數據。初始默認非根用戶，用戶名爲ubuntu，密碼爲temppwd。
ubuntu@omap:~$ pwd
/home/ubuntu
由於xm加載的是新近ubuntu系統，安裝軟件不需要自己解決包依賴的問題，並且可以像操作檯式機ubuntu一樣使用各種命令。

7.Install kunbuntu desktop
先通過有線或無線把xm連接上網絡，通過ifconfig指令查看網絡配置信息，並可通過網絡安裝一個小程序來確認xm網絡是否通暢。

for Ethernet:
ubuntu@omap:~$ sudo ifconfig -a

ubuntu@omap:~$ sudo apt-get update
No return, nothing installed, cann't find source.

sudo apt-get install gdm xubuntu-desktop

提示:

Need to get 41.5 MB/429 MB of archives.
After this operation, 1,367 MB of additional space will be used.

前文臺式機下載的速度可達1MB/s，這裏xm有線下載速度最高達220KB/s
2分鐘後，DVI顯示器無信號，但xm的LED顯示xm尚在繁忙工作，這是由於長時間沒有鍵盤輸入，Ubuntu關閉了顯示器。按任一鍵可以重新顯示命令好界面。安裝過程如果有提示依賴包沒有安裝，按照提示進行安裝，採用sudo apt-get install xxxx方式很容易安裝。

本次安裝沒有正常接收到的deb大約有10個，系統提示：

...
Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/u/update-manager_0.152.25.5_all.deb 404 Not Found
E:Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
ubuntu@omap:~$

按照提示繼續安裝

ubuntu@omap:~$ sudo apt-get update
[sudo] password for Ubuntu:
Ign http://ports.ubuntu.com/ oneiric InRelease
...
Fetched 618 KB in 15s (40.7 KB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
ubuntu@omap:~$

再次運行

sudo apt-get install gdm xubuntu-desktop

安裝重新開始，中間有一步需要爲圖形界面方式來選擇安裝的桌面系統。
xm先下載所有的包文件，然後在執行編譯和安裝，這種在目標機上直接編譯安裝的方式，優點是解決了Ubuntu交叉編譯非常困難的問題，不足是編譯時間長達數十個小時，尚且還不能用鏡像文件的方式複製系統文件。

最後，編譯完成

...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initd.img-3.2.3-x4
ubuntu@omap:~$ sudo shutdown -r now

重新啓動後，系統進入圖形登錄界面，同樣使用用戶名爲ubuntu，密碼爲temppwd登錄。進入基於xbuntu的XFCE4.8桌面系統。默認顯示器分辨率爲1280x720,本次實驗修改了該參數，修改方法爲：把SD插入到PC中，打開uEnv.txt文件，修改1280x720MR-16@60爲dvimode=1280x800MR-16@60。

bootfile=uImage
bootinitrd=uInitrd
address_uimage=0x80300000
address_uinitrd=0x81600000

vram=12MB

console=ttyO2,115200n8

defaultdisplay=dvi
dvimode=1280x800MR-16@60

mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk0p2 ro
mmcrootfstype=ext4 rootwait fixrtc
optargs=console=tty0

mmc_load_uimage=fatload mmc 0:1 ${address_uimage} ${bootfile}
mmc_load_uinitrd=fatload mmc 0:1 ${address_uinitrd} ${bootinitrd}

mmcargs=setenv bootargs console=${console} ${optargs} mpurate=${mpurate} buddy=${buddy} buddy2=${buddy2} camera=${camera} vram=${vram} omapfb.mode=${defaultdisplay}:${dvimode} omapdss.def_disp=${defaultdisplay} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype}

loaduimage=run mmc_load_uimage; run mmc_load_uinitrd; echo Booting from mmc ...; run mmcargs; bootm ${address_uimage} ${address_uinitrd}

 [Appenidex] Install process of setup_sdcard.sh

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel$ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sda --uboot beagle_xm

Are you 100% sure, on selecting [/dev/sda] (y/n)? y


Downloading Device's Bootloader
-----------------------------

rcn-ee.net down, using mirror
-----------------------------
2012-02-24 09:24:22 URL:http://rcn-ee.homeip.net:81/dl/mirrors/deb/tools/latest/bootloader [4652/4652] -> "/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/bootloader" [1]
2012-02-24 09:24:24 URL:http://rcn-ee.homeip.net:81/dl/mirrors/deb/tools/beagleboard/MLO-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1 [44104/44104] -> "/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/MLO-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1" [1]
SPL Bootloader: MLO-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1
2012-02-24 09:24:35 URL:http://rcn-ee.homeip.net:81/dl/mirrors/deb/tools/beagleboard/u-boot-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1.img [330372/330372] -> "/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/u-boot-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1.img" [1]
UBOOT Bootloader: u-boot-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1.img

Unmounting Partitions
-----------------------------

Using fdisk to create BOOT Partition
-----------------------------

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (with command 'c').
WARNING: cylinders as display units are deprecated. Use command 'u' to
         change units to sectors.

Command (m for help): Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
Partition number (1-4, default 1): First cylinder (1-1020, default 1): Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1020, default 1020):
Command (m for help): Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): Changed system type of partition 1 to e (W95 FAT16 (LBA))

Command (m for help):
Disk /dev/sda: 3951 MB, 3951034368 bytes
122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000a824e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1          18       68045    e  W95 FAT16 (LBA)

Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.
Syncing disks.
Setting Boot Partition's Boot Flag
-----------------------------
Creating rootfs ext4 Partition
-----------------------------
Formating Boot Partition
-----------------------------
mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010)
Formating rootfs Partition as ext4
-----------------------------
mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010)
Filesystem label=rootfs
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
237104 inodes, 947391 blocks
47369 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=973078528
29 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
Populating Boot Partition
-----------------------------
`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/MLO-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/MLO'
`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/u-boot-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1.img' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/u-boot.img'
Using mkimage to create uImage
-----------------------------
Image Name:   3.2.3-x4
Created:      Fri Feb 24 09:26:28 2012
Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:    3014464 Bytes = 2943.81 kB = 2.87 MB
Load Address: 80008000
Entry Point:  80008000
Using mkimage to create uInitrd
-----------------------------
Image Name:   initramfs
Created:      Fri Feb 24 09:26:30 2012
Image Type:   ARM Linux RAMDisk Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:    3087289 Bytes = 3014.93 kB = 2.94 MB
Load Address: 00000000
Entry Point:  00000000
Copying uEnv.txt based boot scripts to Boot Partition
-----------------------------
`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/bootscripts/normal.cmd' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/uEnv.txt'
bootfile=uImage
bootinitrd=uInitrd
address_uimage=0x80300000
address_uinitrd=0x81600000

vram=12MB

console=ttyO2,115200n8

defaultdisplay=dvi
dvimode=1280x720MR-16@60

mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk0p2 ro
mmcrootfstype=ext4 rootwait fixrtc
optargs=console=tty0

mmc_load_uimage=fatload mmc 0:1 ${address_uimage} ${bootfile}
mmc_load_uinitrd=fatload mmc 0:1 ${address_uinitrd} ${bootinitrd}

mmcargs=setenv bootargs console=${console} ${optargs} mpurate=${mpurate} buddy=${buddy} buddy2=${buddy2} camera=${camera} vram=${vram} omapfb.mode=${defaultdisplay}:${dvimode} omapdss.def_disp=${defaultdisplay} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype}

loaduimage=run mmc_load_uimage; run mmc_load_uinitrd; echo Booting from mmc ...; run mmcargs; bootm ${address_uimage} ${address_uinitrd}
-----------------------------
`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/readme.txt' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/tools/readme.txt'
`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/update_boot_files.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/tools/update_boot_files.sh'
`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/minimal_xfce.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/tools/minimal_xfce.sh'
`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/get_chrome.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/tools/get_chrome.sh'
Finished populating Boot Partition
-----------------------------
Populating rootfs Partition
Please be patient, this may take a few minutes, as its transfering a lot of files..
-----------------------------
 383MB 0:06:22 [   1MB/s] [==================================>] 100%
Transfer of Base Rootfs Complete, syncing to disk
-----------------------------
Ubuntu: with no eth cable connected it can take up to 2 mins to login, removing upstart sleep call
-----------------------------
Ubuntu: to unfix: sudo sed -i -e 's:#sleep 40:sleep 40:g' /etc/init/failsafe.conf
Ubuntu: to unfix: sudo sed -i -e 's:#sleep 59:sleep 59:g' /etc/init/failsafe.conf
-----------------------------
Finished populating rootfs Partition
-----------------------------
setup_sdcard.sh script complete

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel$