1. 概述
Dubbo是一個分佈式服務框架,致力於提供高性能和透明化的RPC遠程服務調用方案,以及SOA服務治理方案
Dubbo是阿里巴巴SOA服務化治理方案的核心框架,每天爲2,000+個服務提供3,000,000,000+次訪問量支持,並被廣泛應用於阿里巴巴集團的各成員站點:
那麼,Dubbo是什麼?
Dubbo是一個分佈式服務框架,致力於提供高性能和透明化的RPC遠程服務調用方案,以及SOA服務治理方案。
其核心部分包含:
- 遠程通訊: 提供對多種基於長連接的NIO框架抽象封裝,包括多種線程模型,序列化,以及“請求-響應”模式的信息交換方式。
- 集羣容錯: 提供基於接口方法的透明遠程過程調用,包括多協議支持,以及軟負載均衡,失敗容錯,地址路由,動態配置等集羣支持。
- 自動發現: 基於註冊中心目錄服務,使服務消費方能動態的查找服務提供方,使地址透明,使服務提供方可以平滑增加或減少機器。
Dubbo能做什麼?
- 透明化的遠程方法調用,就像調用本地方法一樣調用遠程方法,只需簡單配置,沒有任何API侵入。
- 軟負載均衡及容錯機制,可在內網替代F5等硬件負載均衡器,降低成本,減少單點。
- 服務自動註冊與發現,不再需要寫死服務提供方地址,註冊中心基於接口名查詢服務提供者的IP地址,並且能夠平滑添加或刪除服務提供者。
Dubbo採用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入應用,對應用沒有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加載Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基於Spring的Schema擴展進行加載。
主要核心部件
Remoting: 網絡通信框架,實現了sync-over-async 和 request-response 消息機制.
RPC: 一個遠程過程調用的抽象,支持負載均衡、容災和集羣功能
Registry: 服務目錄框架用於服務的註冊和服務事件發佈和訂閱。
Dubbo採用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入應用,對應用沒有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加載Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基於Spring的Schema擴展進行加載。
2. 簡單實例
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mor.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>dubboserver</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>dubboserver</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>3.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- log -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- zkclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- zookeeper -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.3.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>dubbo-demo</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.5</source>
<target>1.5</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<failOnError>false</failOnError>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
">
<dubbo:application name="hello-world-app" />
<!-- 本機 僞集羣 測試 -->
<dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.9.145.19:2181,192.9.145.19:2182,192.9.145.19:2183" />
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
<dubbo:service interface="com.mor.server.dubbo.service.DemoServer"
ref="demoService" /> <!-- 和本地bean一樣實現服務 -->
<bean id="demoService" class="com.mor.server.dubbo.service.DemoServerImpl" />
</beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
">
<!-- 消費方應用名,用於計算依賴關係,不是匹配條件,不要與提供方一樣 -->
<dubbo:application name="consumer-of-helloworld-app" />
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span><!-- 使用本地僞集羣註冊中心暴露發現服務地址 -->
<dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.9.145.19:2181,192.9.145.19:2182,192.9.145.19:2183" /> <!-- 生成遠程服務代理,可以和本地bean一樣使用demoService -->
<dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="com.mor.server.dubbo.service.DemoServer" />
</beans>
在客戶端要引入服務端生成的jar包package com.mor.server.dubbo.service;
public interface DemoServer {
String sayHello(String str);
}
<span style="font-family:Courier New;">package com.mor.server.dubbo.service;
import java.util.Date;
public class DemoServerImpl implements DemoServer {
public String sayHello(String str) {
str = "Hello " + str + "2:" + new Date();
System.out.println("server:" + str);
return str;
}
}</span><strong style="font-family: Arial;">
</strong>
package com.mor.main;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationProvider.xml" });
context.start();
System.out.println("按任意鍵退出");
System.in.read();
}
}
log4j.propertieslog4j.appender.Stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Stdout.layout.conversionPattern=%-5p - %-26.26c{1} - %m\n
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,Stdout
log4j.logger.org.apache.wicket=INFO
log4j.logger.org.apache.wicket.protocol.http.HttpSessionStore=INFO
log4j.logger.org.apache.wicket.version=INFO
log4j.logger.org.apache.wicket.RequestCycle=INFO
客戶端代碼:
package com.mor.client.dubbo.action;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.mor.server.dubbo.service.DemoServer;
public class ChatAction {
public void SayHello(){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationConsumer.xml" });
context.start();
DemoServer demoServer = (DemoServer) context.getBean("demoService");
System.out.println("client:"+demoServer.sayHello("Morning"+"1:"+new Date())+"3:"+new Date());
}
}
package com.mor.client.dubbo.main;
import com.mor.client.dubbo.action.ChatAction;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
ChatAction act = new ChatAction();
act.SayHello();
}
}
1.先啓動 zookeeper 集羣
服務端打包