Part I : Lesson preview
- logical connections;
- transitional words and expressions;
- old-to-new information flow
Part II : External and internal logical connections
1.logical connections
strengthen the external connections
- write a topic sentence to refer clearly to the subtopic of your thesis covered by that paragraph
- sustain the order for the supporting ideas of the thesis;
- indicate connections with the other paragraphs
strengthen the internal connections
- follow the deductive or inductive order, or
- organize ideas through time, spatial, or emphatic order;
- use the topic sentence to cover all details and examples found in that paragraph
Part III : Using transitional words and expressions
2.provide transitions
transitions signal the direction of a writer's thought. they are like the road signs that guide travelers.
Part IV : Following human cognition and keeping the formation flow
3. old-to-new information flow
reading as a cognitive process
Part V : Techniques to create and revise for coherence
creating and revising for coherence 1) referring to the old information; 2) connecting through repeated words,
synonyms, and parallel structures
1) referring to old information a) repeating words or using synonyms b) using pronouns, such as 'its,' 'they,' 'their,' etc c) making by determine such as 'the,' 'this,' 'that, ' 'these,'
'those' etc d) keeping the sentence subject fairly short
2) connecting through repeated words, synonyms, and parallel structures. Repeated words, synonyms, and parallel structures also help tie together the specific evidence and strengthen the
internal logic in the paragraph.
Lesson review
1.strengthen logical connections; 2. using transitional words and expressions; 3. referring to old information