轉自:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25266990-id-3239588.html
Mysql主從方案介紹
mysql主從方案主要作用:
讀寫分離,使數據庫能支撐更大的併發。在報表中尤其重要。由於部分報表sql語句非常的慢,導致鎖表,影響前臺服務。如果前臺使用master,報表使用slave,那麼報表sql將不會造成前臺鎖,保證了前臺速度。
發揚不同表引擎的優點。目前Myisam表的查詢速度比innodb略快,而寫入併發innodb比myIsam要好。那麼,我們可以使用innodb作爲master,處理高併發寫入,使用master作爲slave,接受查詢。或在myisam slave中建立全文索引,解決innodb無全文索引的弱點。
熱備,slave和master的數據“準實時”同步。
準備工作。先分別安裝兩臺MYSQL。
系統環境:
OS:RHEL5.4
主:192.168.10.197
從:192.168.10.198
1、mysql 的安裝這裏就不介紹了,詳見安裝文檔。
2、my.cnf配置
a、配置MASTER
點擊(此處)摺疊或打開
- [client]
- port = 3306
- socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- port = 3306
- socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
- basedir=/usr/local/mysql
- datadir=/home/mysqldata
- log-slow-queries=slow_query.txt
- log-bin=mysql-bin197
- long_query_time=2
- skip-locking
- skip-name-resolve
- skip-innodb
- bind-address=192.168.10.197
- max_allowed_packet = 256M
- query_cache_size=256M
- max_connections=2000
- max_connect_errors=10000
- key_buffer_size=6000M
- read_buffer_size=32M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M
- tmp_table_size=512M
- old-passwords
- interactive_timeout=60
- wait_timeout=60
- connect_timeout=120
- table_cache=8192
- thread_cache_size=256
- sort_buffer_size=64M
- back_log = 500
- thread_concurrency=32
- server-id=1
- log-bin=mysql-bin240
- binlog-do-db=phpcmsv9
- binlog-ignore-db=mysql
- expire_logs_days=10
- [mysqldump]
- quick
- max_allowed_packet = 1024M
- [mysql]
- no-auto-rehash
- [isamchk]
- key_buffer = 1024M
- sort_buffer_size = 32M
- read_buffer = 2M
- write_buffer = 2M
- [myisamchk]
- key_buffer = 1024M
- sort_buffer_size = 32M
- read_buffer = 2M
- write_buffer = 2M
- [mysqlhotcopy]
- interactive-timeout
註釋:紅色是修改的部分。
其中,作爲主機,server-id必須爲1.
binlog_do_db爲需要複製的db。 binlog_ignore_db爲忽略複製的db。需要增加DB的話,就增加相應的一行。
重啓master數據庫,運行檢查:
點擊(此處)摺疊或打開
- mysql> show master status; #檢查是否以master形式啓動了。
- +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
- | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
- +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
- | mysql-bin240.000001 | 2342775 | phpcmsv9 | mysql |
- +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show variables like "%log%";
#需要看到這樣的一行,說明binlog已經開啓了: log_bin | ON
在master上爲slave建立用戶
點擊(此處)摺疊或打開
- mysql> grant replication slave, reload, super on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.10.198' identified by '123';
b、slave配置
點擊(此處)摺疊或打開
- [client]
- port = 3306
- socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- port = 3306
- socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
- basedir=/usr/local/mysql
- datadir=/home/mysqldata
- log-slow-queries=slow_query.txt
- log-bin=mysql-bin198
- long_query_time=2
- skip-locking
- bind-address=192.168.10.198
- skip-name-resolve
- skip-innodb
- max_allowed_packet = 256M
- query_cache_size=256M
- max_connections=2000
- max_connect_errors=10000
- key_buffer_size=6000M
- read_buffer_size=32M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M
- tmp_table_size=512M
- old-passwords
- interactive_timeout=60
- wait_timeout=60
- connect_timeout=120
- table_cache=8192
- thread_cache_size=256
- sort_buffer_size=64M
- back_log = 500
- thread_concurrency=8
- server-id=2
- master-host=192.168.10.197
- master-user=backup
- master-password=123
- master-port=3306
- replicate-do-db=phpcmsv9
- replicate-ignore-db=mysql
- master-connect-retry=60
- expire_logs_days=10
- [mysqldump]
- quick
- max_allowed_packet = 1024M
- [mysql]
- no-auto-rehash
- [isamchk]
- key_buffer = 1024M
- sort_buffer_size = 32M
- read_buffer = 2M
- write_buffer = 2M
- [myisamchk]
- key_buffer = 1024M
- sort_buffer_size = 32M
- read_buffer = 2M
- write_buffer = 2M
- [mysqlhotcopy]
- interactive-timeout
註釋:紅色部分爲修改的地方
1.啓動主服務器和從服務器服務,在從服務器192.168.17.2上使用命令slave start啓動複製;
2.隨便使用命令show slave status;
如果出現主從複製報錯了
點擊(此處)摺疊或打開
- mysql> show slave status \G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
- Master_Host: 192.168.10.197
- Master_User: backup
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2342431
- Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001
- Relay_Log_Pos: 4
- Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
- Slave_IO_Running: No
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- Replicate_Do_DB: phpcmsv9
- Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
- Replicate_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Ignore_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
- Last_Errno: 0
- Last_Error:
- Skip_Counter: 0
- Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2342431
- Relay_Log_Space: 106
- Until_Condition: None
- Until_Log_File:
- Until_Log_Pos: 0
- Master_SSL_Allowed: No
- Master_SSL_CA_File:
- Master_SSL_CA_Path:
- Master_SSL_Cert:
- Master_SSL_Cipher:
- Master_SSL_Key:
- Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
- Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
- Last_IO_Errno: 1130
- Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master '[email protected]:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400
- Last_SQL_Errno: 0
- Last_SQL_Error:
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ERROR:
- No query specified
這是由於MASTER沒有賦予權限的關係
3在從服務器192.168.17.2運行slave stop;停止複製命令
4輸入
點擊(此處)摺疊或打開
- mysql>CHANGE MASTER to MASTER_HOST='192.168.15.197', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='123', MASTER_LOG_FILE=’mysql-bin240.000001';, MASTER_LOG_POS=2342775;
5然後重新啓動slave start 命令後
點擊(此處)摺疊或打開
- mysql> show slave status \G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
- Master_Host: 192.168.10.197
- Master_User: backup
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2342775
- Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
- Relay_Log_Pos: 598
- Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- Replicate_Do_DB: phpcmsv9
- Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
- Replicate_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Ignore_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
- Last_Errno: 0
- Last_Error:
- Skip_Counter: 0
- Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2342775
- Relay_Log_Space: 757
- Until_Condition: None
- Until_Log_File:
- Until_Log_Pos: 0
- Master_SSL_Allowed: No
- Master_SSL_CA_File:
- Master_SSL_CA_Path:
- Master_SSL_Cert:
- Master_SSL_Cipher:
- Master_SSL_Key:
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
- Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
- Last_IO_Errno: 0
- Last_IO_Error:
- Last_SQL_Errno: 0
- Last_SQL_Error:
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ERROR:
- No query specified