shell腳本攻略- grep 文本查找總結

查找匹配的行並且顯示行號

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep 'init' -n flaskr.py
38:def init_db():
46:@app.cli.command('initdb')
47:def initdb_command():
49:    init_db()
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ cat -n flaskr.py # 檢驗一下
....

在多個文件中查找

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep 'content' file*.txt
file1.txt:content of file 1
file1.txt:content of file 1
file1.txt:content of file 1
file1.txt:content of file 1
file2.txt:content of file 2
file2.txt:content of file 2
file2.txt:content of file 2
file2.txt:content of file 2
file3.txt:content of file 3
file3.txt:content of file 3
file3.txt:content of file 3
file3.txt:content of file 3
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ cat file*.txt # 檢驗
content of file 1
content of file 1
content of file 1
content of file 1
content of file 2
content of file 2
content of file 2
content of file 2
content of file 3
content of file 3
content of file 3
content of file 3

只顯示不匹配的行的內容

修改文件內容 在 file1.txt 中加入 hehe da

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep 'content' -v file*.txt
file1.txt:hehe da
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ cat file*.txt
content of file 1
content of file 1
content of file 1
content of file 1
hehe da
content of file 2
content of file 2
content of file 2
content of file 2
content of file 3
content of file 3
content of file 3
content of file 3

統計匹配的行數

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ cat file*.txt
content of file 1
hehe da
content of file 2
content of file 2

content of file 3
content of file 3
content of file 3

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep 'content' -c file*.txt
file1.txt:1
file2.txt:2
file3.txt:3
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$

打印匹配項數

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ echo -e "1 2 3 4 5 \n hello \n 5 6" | grep -o "[0-9]" | wc -l
7
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ echo -e "1 2 3 4 5 \n hello \n 5 6" | grep -o "[0-9]"
1
2
3
4
5
5
6

使用正則表達式匹配，同時只輸出匹配部分

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ echo 'xixi: hello world!!!' | grep -o -E "\w+"
xixi
hello
world
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ echo 'xixi: hello world!!!' | grep -o -E "\w."
xi
xi
he
ll
o
wo
rl
d!

打印匹配樣式的字符偏移

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ echo gun is not unix | grep -b -o 'not'
7:not
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ echo gun is not unix | grep -b -o 'xixi'

搜索多個文件並找出匹配文本位於哪一個文件中

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep -l init_db *
flaskr.py
grepNote
grep: tow: Is a directory # 因爲是個目錄所以暫時搞不了 -R 可以幫忙
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$

返回不匹配的文件列表

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep -L init_db *
file1.txt
file2.txt
file3.txt
multi_blanks
note
setup.py
grep: tow: Is a directory
tow

遞歸查找查找某個文本在哪個文件中的哪一行

# 在windows 下面裝了 cmder才能這樣使用這樣使用 shell命令
C:\Users\shan\Documents\Atom
λ grep -R -n 'grep 過濾數據'
JSON對象遍歷.md:22:grep 過濾數據

提供一個 pattern 文件來進行匹配

grep -f pattern_file source_filename

不區分大小寫

ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ echo hello world | grep -i 'Hello'
hello world
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$

包括或者排除,這個還有點問題，沒弄明白，會繼續更新。

--include
--exclude
出了問題，這個還需要繼續弄清楚，，，未完待續。。。。。爲什麼只解析第一個文件
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep "of" . -r --include *.{py,txt}
./flaskr.py:    """Closes the database again at the end of the request."""
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep "of" . -r --include *.{txt,py}
./file1.txt:content of file 1
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep "of" . -R --include *.{txt,py}
./file1.txt:content of file 1
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep "of" . -R --include '*.{txt,py}'
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep "of" . -R --include *.{txt,py}
./file1.txt:content of file 1
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep "of"  -r --include *.{txt,py}
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$ grep "of" ./  -r --include *.{txt,py}
./file1.txt:content of file 1
ld@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/haShare/test$