網絡運維實驗之靜態路由

    靜態路由
1)特點:
由管理員手工配置的,是單向的,因此需要在兩個網絡之間的邊緣路由器上需要雙方對指,否則就會造成流量有去無回,缺乏靈活性,適用於小型網絡。
2)配置
全局模式:
ip  route-static  目標網絡ID  子網掩碼  下一跳IP


實驗目的:

    實現兩個不同網絡間互通

實驗拓撲:             //今天的拓撲圖可能有點亂,因爲害怕有人看不懂,所以做了些標註,望諒解   0^0

            拓撲圖.PNG

實驗思路:

        兩網絡間通信,任意一網絡數據到達網關處需在路由器中查找路由表,找到通往目標網段的最佳路徑。但顯然現路由器中沒有通往另一網絡的路由條目,所以作爲管理員我們可以手動添加。此處我們可以爲路由器配置靜態路由。

實驗步驟:


#華爲


    PC機:PC1:192.168.1.1

                      255.255.255.0    

                      192.168.1.254

                PC2:192.168.4.1

                      255.255.255.0    

                      192.168.4.254

    路由器:

    R1:

        將路由器重命名爲R1
        <Huawei>system-view
        Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
        [Huawei]sysname R1

                初始化.PNG

        給端口g0/0/2配置IP地址:192.168.1.254/24
        [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
        [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.254 24
        [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo shutdown  
        Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.

            1.PNG

        給端口g0/0/0配置IP地址:192.168.2.1/24
        [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.1 24
        [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
        Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

       [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

                2.PNG

        配置靜態路由:0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.254
        [R1]ip  route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.254
                3.PNG

   R2:
        將路由器重命名爲R2
        <Huawei>system-view
        Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
        [Huawei]sysname R2
        給端口g0/0/0配置IP地址:192.168.2.254/24
        [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
        [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown  
        Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
        給端口g0/0/1配置IP地址:192.168.3.1/24
        [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
        [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.1 24
        [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
        Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
        [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
        配置靜態路由:192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0  192.168.2.1  (華爲也可用24代替255.255.255.0)
              192.168.4.0 24 192.168.3.254
        [R2]ip  route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0  192.168.2.1
                     192.168.4.0 24 192.168.3.254
   R3:                
        將路由器重命名爲R3
        <Huawei>system-view
        Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
        [Huawei]sysname R3
        給端口g0/0/1配置IP地址:192.168.3.254/24
        [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
        [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.254 24
        [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown  
        Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
        給端口g0/0/2配置IP地址:192.168.4.254/24
        [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
        [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.4.254 24
        [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo shutdown
        Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.
        [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
        配置靜態路由:0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1
        [R3]ip  route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1

驗證,測試,保存
        驗證:<R1>display ip routing-table         //查看路由表

                  <R2>display ip routing-table

                  <R3>display ip routing-table

                    R1.PNG

                    R2.PNG

                    R3.PNG

            
            測試: PC1:ping 192.168.4.1

                    PC2:ping 192.168.1.1

            保存: <R1>save

                Are you sure to continue?(y/n)[n]:  y


#思科

        PC配置同華爲;

        路由器:

        R1:

        

        重命名
        Router>enable
        Router#configure terminal
        Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
        Router(config)#hostname R1

        給端口g0/2配置IP地址:192.168.1.254/24
        R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/2
        R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
        R1(config-if)#no shutdown
        R1(config-if)#exit

        給端口g0/0配置IP地址:192.168.2.1/24
        R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
        R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
        R1(config-if)#no shutdown
        R1(config-if)#exit
        配置靜態路由
        R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.254

           R2:

        重命名
        Router>enable
        Router#configure terminal
        Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
        Router(config)#hostname R2

        給端口g0/0配置IP地址:192.168.2.254/24
        R2(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
        R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
        R2(config-if)#no shutdown
        R2(config-if)#exit

        給端口g0/1配置IP地址:192.168.3.1/24
        R2(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
        R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
        R2(config-if)#no shutdown
        R2(config-if)#exit
        配置靜態路由
        R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

        R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.254


        R3:
        重命名
        Router>enable
        Router#configure terminal
        Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
        Router(config)#hostname R3

        給端口g0/1配置IP地址:192.168.3.254/24
        R3(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
        R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
        R3(config-if)#no shutdown
        R3(config-if)#exit

        給端口g0/2配置IP地址:192.168.4.254/24
        R3(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/2
        R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
        R3(config-if)#no shutdown
        R3(config-if)#exit
        配置靜態路由
        R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1

    驗證,測試,保存

        驗證:<R1>show ip route           //查看路由表

                  <R2>show ip route           //查看路由表

                  <R3>show ip route           //查看路由表

        測試:PC1:ping 192.168.4.1

                  PC2 :  ping 192.168.1.1

        保存:<R1>write

                   <R2>write

                   <R3>write

        

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