原腳本文件
[root@localhost script]# cat test
1 2 50 90 1050 796 228
a b c d e f g h i j k l
good high tall full qualify happy cool
1、預先設置每一行的分割符號爲兩個換行
[root@localhost script]# awk 'BEGIN { ORS="/n/n" }; 1' test
1 2 50 90 1050 796 228/n/n/n/na b c d e f g h i j k l/n/n/n/ngood high tall full qualify happy cool/n/n
2、最後的字段加入一個換行符
[root@localhost script]# awk 'NF {print $0 "/n"}' test
1 2 50 90 1050 796 228/n
a b c d e f g h i j k l/n
good high tall full qualify happy cool/n
3、顯示當前行，所在文件中的行號
[root@localhost script]# awk '{print FNR "/t" $0}' test
1/t1 2 50 90 1050 796 228
2/t
3/ta b c d e f g h i j k l
4/tgood high tall full qualify happy cool
4、當前行在每次處理文件的行號
[root@localhost script]# awk '{print NR "/t" $0}' test
1/t1 2 50 90 1050 796 228
2/t
3/ta b c d e f g h i j k l
4/tgood high tall full qualify happy cool
5、使用簡單樣式輸出
[root@localhost script]# awk '{printf ("%5d : %s/n",NR,$0)}' test
1 : 1 2 50 90 1050 796 228/n 2 : /n 3 : a b c d e f g h i j k l/n 4 : good high tall full qualify happy cool/n #行號佔用5位，不足補空格
6、顯示行號
[root@localhost script]# awk '{print NR}' test
1
2
3
4
7、計算行數，效果類似wc -l
[root@localhost script]# awk 'END {print NR}' test
4
8、計算每一行的和
[root@localhost script]# awk '{s=0;for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)s=s+$i;print s}' test
2217
0
0
0
9、計算文件中所有字段的和
[root@localhost script]# awk '{for (i=1;i<NF;i++) s=s+$i};END {print s}' test
1989
10、將每個字段用其絕對值代替
[root@localhost script]# awk '{for (i=1;i<NF;i++) if ($i < 0) $i = -$i;print}' test
1 2 50 90 1050 796 228
a b c d e f g h i j k l
good high tall full qualify happy cool
11、計算文件中總的字段和（例如計算單詞數）
[root@localhost script]# awk '{total = total + NF};END {print total}' test
26
12、計算匹配指定信息的總行數
[root@localhost script]# awk '/Linux/ {n++}; END {print n+0}' test
0
使用test1文件
[root@localhost script]# cat test1
1 23 566 90 189 290 6666 13569
27 89 289 367 4899 10999 209999 3000000
26 39 409 366 758 629 590 256
1024 2048 3072 4096 5120 6144 7168 8192
13、計算文件所有字段的總和
[root@localhost script]# awk '{for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) s=s+$i};END {print s}' test1
3288000
14、計算每一行的和
[root@localhost script]# awk '{s=0;for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)s=s+$i;print s}' test1
21394
3226669
3073
36864
15、顯示當前行的字段數，並輸出當前行
[root@localhost script]# awk '{print NF ":" $0}' test1
8:1 23 566 90 189 290 6666 13569
8:27 89 289 367 4899 10999 209999 3000000
8:26 39 409 366 758 629 590 256
8:1024 2048 3072 4096 5120 6144 7168 8192
16、顯示每行最後一個字段的內容
[root@localhost script]# awk '{print $NF}' test1
13569
3000000
256
8192
17、顯示最後一行的最後一個字段
[root@localhost script]# awk '{field = $NF};END {print field}' test1
8192
18、顯示字段數大於4的行
[root@localhost script]# awk 'NF > 4' test1
1 23 566 90 189 290 6666 13569
27 89 289 367 4899 10999 209999 3000000
26 39 409 366 758 629 590 256
1024 2048 3072 4096 5120 6144 7168 8192
19、顯示最後一個字段大於4的行
[root@localhost script]# awk '$NF > 4' test1
1 23 566 90 189 290 6666 13569
27 89 289 367 4899 10999 209999 3000000
26 39 409 366 758 629 590 256
1024 2048 3072 4096 5120 6144 7168 8192
字符串反向輸出
20、編輯腳本使用字符串反轉
vim 1.sh
#!/bin/bash
STR=$1
LEN=${#STR}
for ((i=$LEN;i>=0;i--))
do
echo -n "${STR:i:1}"
done
echo -e "\n"
21、使用rev命令，對字符串進行反轉
[root@localhost script]# echo ABCD | rev
DCBA
22、使用sed命令s參數來替換
[root@localhost script]# echo 'ABC'|sed 's/\(.\)\(.\)\(.\)/\3\2\1/g'
CBA
23、使用awk命令
[root@localhost script]# echo ABC | awk '{for(i=1;i<=length;i++){line=substr($0,i,1) line}} END {print line}'
CBA
24、使用python實現
[root@localhost script]# echo ABCD | python -c 'print raw_input() [::-1]'
DCBA
25、創建用戶student1到student50,指定組爲student組！而且每個用戶需要設定一個不同的密碼！
[root@localhost ~]# cat studentadd.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in `seq 1 50`
do
useradd student$i -G student
echo "student$i" |passwd --stdin student$i
done
26、 編寫shell腳本，將/usr/local/src目錄下大於100k的文件轉移到/tmp目錄下：
27、打印最後一個字段
[root@localhost ~]# echo -e "line1 f1 f2 f3\n line2 f4 f5 f6"|awk '{print $NF}'
f3
f6
28、打印倒數第二個字段
[root@localhost ~]# echo -e "line1 f1 f2 f3\n line2 f4 f5 f6"|awk '{print $(NF-1)}'
f2
f5
29、一個每一行中第一個字段值累加的例子：
[root@localhost ~]# seq 5|awk 'BEGIN{ sum=0; print "總和: " }{ print $1"+";sum+=$1 } END {print "等於"; print sum}'
總和:
1+
2+
3+
4+
5+
等於
15
30、輸出1-100相加的總和
[root@localhost ~]# seq 1 100 |awk 'BEGIN {sum=0} {sum+=$1} END{print sum}'
5050
31、查找/root目錄下大於1M的文件並刪除它
[root@localhost ~]# find /root -type f -size +1M |xargs rm -rf
32、使用awk 找出文件大於10K的文件，並打印其文件名
[root@localhost ~]# ll|sed 1d|awk '{if($5 > 10000) print $9}'
test1
test2
33、計算兩個數的商
#!/bin/bash
var1=10
var2=20
var3=$(expr $var2 / $var1)
echo The result is $var3
執行結果：
root@iZ2ze5amm8uy6o4jjpvtybZ:~/script# ./test6.sh
The result is 2
34、使用方括號進行算數運算
root@iZ2ze5amm8uy6o4jjpvtybZ:~/script# cat test7.sh
#!/bin/bash
var1=100
var2=200
var3=$[ 5 * ( $var1 + $var2 ) ]
echo "$var3"
計算結果：
root@iZ2ze5amm8uy6o4jjpvtybZ:~/script# ./test7.sh
1500
35、使用方括號計算兩個數的商
root@iZ2ze5amm8uy6o4jjpvtybZ:~/script# cat test8.sh
#!/bin/bash
var1=100
var2=50
var3=$[ $var1 / $var2 ]
echo $var3
36、查看用戶zhangwenqiang是否存在於系統中
#！/bin/bash
testuser=zhangwenqiang
if grep $testuser /etc/passwd
then
echo "The bash files for user $testuser are:"
ls -a /home/$testuser/.b*
else
echo "The user $testuser does not exist on the system"
fi
37、檢測用戶和其下的目錄是否存在
#！/bin/bash
testuser=hello
if grep $testuser /etc/passwd
then
echo "$testuser is exist on the system"
elif
ls -d /home/$testuser
then
echo "The user $testuser is not exist on the system"
echo "However, $testuser has a directory."
fi
38、測試幾個數字的大小
#/bin/bash
if grep $testuser /etc/passwd
then
echo "$testuser is exist on the system"
elif
ls -d /home/$testuser
then
echo "The user $testuser is not exist on the system"
echo "However ,$testuser has a directory."
fi
39、查看字符串var1是否大於字符串var2
#!/bin/bash
var1=baseball
var2=hockey
if [ $var1 > $var2 ]
then
echo "$var1 is greater than $var2"
else
echo "$var1 is less than $var2"
fi
40、判斷字符串是否爲空
var1=testing
var2=
if [ -n $var1 ];then
echo "The string '$var1' is not empty"!
else
echo "The string '$var2' is empty"!
fi
if [ -z $var2 ];then
then
echo "The string '$var1' is empty"
else
echo "Ths string "$var2" is not empty"
fi
41、遍歷下一個城市的名稱
#!/bin/bash
for i in shanghai beijing hangzhou guangzhou shenzheng
do
echo "The next city is $i"
done
43、從命令讀取值
#!/bin/bash
file="/root/test"
for city in $(cat $file)
do
echo next is a beautiful $city
done
44、判斷目錄下的文件是目錄，還是文件
#！/bin/bash
for file in /root/*
do
if [ -d $file ];then
echo "$file is a directory"
elif [ -f $file ];then
echo "$file is a file"
else
echo "No such file"
fi
done
45、使用for循環輸出數列
for (( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ ))
do
echo "The next number is $i "
done
46、使用多個變量
#！/bin/bash
for (( a=10,b=1;b<=10;a--,b++ ))
do
echo $a - $b
done
47、使一個變量從100，遞減爲1
#！/bin/bash
a=100
while [ $a -gt 1 ]
do
echo "The next number is $a"
a=$[ $a - 1]
done
48、使用util語句循環
var1=100
until [ $var1 -eq 0 ]
do
echo $var1
var1=$[$var1 - 25]
done
49、使用循環嵌套
for (( a=1;a<=3;a++ ))
do
echo "Start Inner loop: $a"
for (( b=1;b<=3;b++ ))
do
echo "loop: $b"
done
done
50、使用until和while混合循環
var3=3
until [ $var3 -eq 0 ]
do
echo "The Outer loop is: $var3 "
var2=1
while [ $var2 -lt 5 ]
do
var3=$(echo scale=4; $var1 / $var2|bc)
echo "The inner loop is: $var3"
var2=$[$var2 + 1]
done
var1=$[$var1 - 1]
done
51、使用break 命令跳出循環
#!/bin/bash
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
do
echo "The next number is $i"
if [ $i -eq 5 ];then
break
fi
done
52、 使用if語句退出for循環
#!/bin/bash
i=1
while [ $i -lt 5 ]
do
if [ $i -eq 3 ];then
break
fi
echo "The next number is $i"
i=$[$i + 1]
done
echo "End the while loop"
53、使用break跳出外部循環
#!/bin/bash
for (( a=1;a<=5;a++ ))
do
echo "The Outer loop is $a"
for (( b=1;b<=100;b++ ))
do
if [ $b -gt 4 ];then
break 2
echo "The Inner loop is $b"
done
done
54、使用continue語句
#!/bin/bash
for (( a=1;a<=100;a++ ))
do
if [ $a -gt 5 ] && [$a -lt 20];then
continure
fi
echo "The benifit number is $a"
done
55、定義繼續循環的等級
#!/bin/bash
for (( a=1;a<=5;a++ ))
do
for (( b=1;b<=10;b++ ))
do
if [ $b -gt 5] && [ $b -lt 8 ];then
continue 2
fi
c=$[$a * $b]
echo "$a multiple $b is $c"
done
done
56、 查看目錄下文件的數量
#！/bin/bash
file="/root/local/bin"
for i in $file
do
number=`ls -l $file|grep "^-"|wc -l`
done
echo "There are $number files in the directory."
57、查找並顯示文件下的可執行文件
#!/bin/bash
IFS=:
for folder in $PATH
do
echo "$folder :"
for i in $folder
do
if [ -x $i ];then
echo "$i"
fi
done
done
58、添加幾個用戶
#!/bin/bash
input="user.csv"
IFS=“，”
while IFS="," read -r userid,name
do
echo "adding $userid"
useradd -c $name -m $userid
done < $input
59、求斐波那契數列的值
#!/bin/bash
factorial=1
for (( number=1;number<=$1;number++ ))
do
factorial=$[$factorial * $number]
done
echo $factorial
60、輸入兩個數並做乘法運算
#!/bin/bash
echo "Please input a number $1"
echo "Please input a number $2"
multinumber=$[$1 * $2]
echo "$1 multiply $2 is $multinumber."
61、查看腳本的名稱
#!/bin/bash
echo "The script name is $0"
62、顯示不包含路徑的腳本名稱
#!/bin/bash
name=$[basename $0]
echo "The script number is $name."
63、檢測是否存在數據
#!/bin/bash
if [ -n "$1" ];then
echo "Hello $1,nice to meet you!"
else
echo "Sorry ,your don't identify yourself."
fi
64、統計腳本攜帶參數的個數
#!/bin/bash
echo "There are $# parameters for the script."
65、輸入兩個數並求它們的和
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 2 ];then
echo "Please input two numbers."
else
total=$[ $1 + $2 ]
echo "The total value is $total."
fi
66、顯示腳本最後的一個參數
#!/bin/bash
params=$#
echo The last parameter is $params
echo The last parameter is ${!#}
67、顯示腳本的所有參數
#!/bin/bash
echo
echo "The script all parameter is $*"
echo "The script all parameter is $@"
echo
68、顯示$@與$*的區別
echo
count=1
for param in $*
do
echo "The \$* parameter #$count = $param"
count=$[$count + 1]
done
echo
count=1
for param in $@
do
echo "The \$@ parameter #$count = $param
count=$[$count + 1]
done
69、移動變量
#!/bin/bash
count=1
echo
while [ -n "$1" ]
do
echo "The next parameter is #$count is $1"
count=$[$count + 1]
shift
done
70、使用shift移動多個位置
#!/bin/bash
echo "The orgin parameter : $*"
shift 2
echo "Here's the new parameter $1"
71、使用case語句與shift語句相結合
#!/bin/bash
while [ -n "$1" ]
do
case $1 in
-a) echo "Find -a option" ;;
-b) echo "Find -b option";;
-c) echo "Find -c option";;
*) echo "$1 is not an option";;
esac
shift
done
72、遍歷給定的參數，跳過破折號
#!/bin/bash
while [ -n "$1" ]
do
case $1 in
-a) echo "Find -a option" ;;
-b) echo "Find -b option";;
-c) echo "Find -c option";;
--) break
shift ;;
*) echo "$1 is not an option" ;;
esac
count=1
for param in $@
do
echo "$count : $param"
count=$[$count + 1]
done
73、寫一個程序，計算自己來到這個世界的天數
#!/bin/bash
echo "Please input your age"
read age
echo "You live in this world for $[ 365 * $age ] days"
74、寫一個程序，輸出你的姓名
#!/bin/bash
echo "Please Input your name"
read -p firstname lastname
echo "Your name is $lastname $firstname"
75、特殊REPLY的使用
#!/bin/bash
read -p "input your name"
echo
echo "hello $REPLY,nice to meet you."
76、使用-t 指定一個定時計，在規定的時間，沒有輸入變量的，設定一個提出的狀態
#!/bin/bash
if read -t 5 -p "echo please input your name:" name
then
echo "Hello $name ,nice to meet you."
else
echo "Sorry,you input is too slow."
fi
77、編輯一個判斷的程序
#!/bin/bash
if read -n1 -p “please input your choice: Y|N" answer
then
case $answer in
Y|y)
echo "Continue on" ;;
N|n)
echo "Good Bye"
esac
fi
78、輸入你的密碼
#!/bin/bash
read -s -p "Please input your password Y|N" pass
echo
echo "Is your password $pass"
79、統計腳本中的文件的數量
#!/bin/bash
count=1
cat /root/script/test | while read line
do
Line: $count line
count=$[ $count + 1]
done
echo "Finish process the file"
80、使用從文本讀入文件並輸出
#!/bin/bash
exec 0 < testfile
count=0
while read line
do
Line: #$count $line
count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done
echo "Have finished process the file"
81、使用tee命令多重重定向
#!/bin/bash
date | tee test
82、使用Trap命令忽略信號 SIGINT
#!/bin/bash
trap "echo 'sorry I have trapped Ctrl-C' " SIGINT
count=1
while [ $count -le 10 ]
do
echo " Loop: #$count "
sleep 1
count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done
echo "This is the end of script."
83、用trap命令捕獲腳本的退出
#!/bin/bash
trap "echo 'Goodbye..'" EXIT
count=1
while [ $count -le ]
do
echo "Loop: #$count " EXIT
sleep 1
count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done
84、修改或移除捕獲
#!/bin/bash
trap "echo 'Sorry ...Ctrl-C is trapped'" SIGINT
count=1
while [ $count -le 5 ]
do
echo "The first Loop: #$count"
sleep 1
count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done
trap "echo 'I modified the trap' " SIGINT
count=1
while [ $count -le 6 ]
do
echo "The second Loop: #$count"
count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done
echo "The end of script."
85、查看系統分配給腳本的PID
#!/bin/bash
echo "Script process ID: $$"
count=1
while [ $count -le 10 ]
do
echo "Loop: #$count"
count=$[ $count + 1]
done
echo "End of script ..."
86、利用&將另外一個作業作爲後臺進程啓動，出於簡化的目的，腳本的輸出被重定向到文件中，避免出現在屏幕上。jobs顯示這些進程、進程的PID及其狀態。
[root@system1 script]# ./6.sh > test.out &
[1] 1873
[root@system1 script]# jobs
[1]+ Running ./6.sh > test.out &
[root@system1 script]# jobs -l
[1]+ 1873 Running ./6.sh > test.out &
[root@system1 script]# cat test.out
The script process id is 1873
Loop: #1
Loop: #2
Loop: #3
Loop: #4
Loop: #5
Loop: #6
Loop: #7
Loop: #8
Loop: #9
Loop: #10
Completed the program.
[1]+ Done ./6.sh > test.out
87、使用bg重啓一個後臺的作業
[root@system1 script]# ./6.sh
The script process id is 1995
Loop: #1
Loop: #2
^Z
[1]+ Stopped ./6.sh
[root@system1 script]# bg
[1]+ ./6.sh &
Loop: #3
[root@system1 script]# Loop: #4
Loop: #5
Loop: #6
^C
[root@system1 script]# Loop: #7
Loop: #8
Loop: #9
Loop: #10
^C
[root@system1 script]# Completed the program.
[1]+ Done ./6.sh
88、使用nice命令來設置命令啓動時的優先級
[root@system1 script]# nice -n 10 ./6.sh > test2.out &
[1] 2137
[root@system1 script]# ps -p 2137 -o pid,ppid,ni,cmd
PID PPID NI CMD
2137 1671 10 /bin/bash ./6.sh
89、Nice 改變進程的優先級
[root@system1 script]# nice -n 10 ./6.sh > test2.out &
[1] 2137
[root@system1 script]# ps -p 2137 -o pid,ppid,ni,cmd
PID PPID NI CMD
2137 1671 10 /bin/bash ./6.sh