最近一段時間在刻苦的學習Oracle的體系結構等理論知識，在這裏總結一些知識，以及自己在此做個實驗擴展鞏固最近所學的知識。
實驗環境
Redhat Enterprise Linux 6.5 x86_64 IP地址：192.168.60.100 Oracle 11g release 11.2.0.4
系統安裝在此略過，IP地址已經更改完成，首先通過ssh協議登陸到RHEL系統，配置YUM本地源環境，安裝Oracle所必須的軟件依賴包；
[c:\~]$ ssh [email protected] [root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf [local] //修改本地YUM源環境; name=local baseurl=file:///mnt gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 [root@rhel6 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/ //掛載本地光盤作爲YUM源; mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@rhel6 ~]# yum repolist //檢測本地YUM源配置是否正確; Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, : subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. local | 3.9 kB 00:00 ... local/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00 ... repo id repo name status local local 3,690 repolist: 3,690 [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install binutils -y //通過YUM安裝Oracle所必須的軟件包; [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install compat-libcap1 -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install gcc -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install gcc-c++ -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install glibc -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install glibc-devel -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install ksh -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libgcc -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libstdc++ -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libstdc++-devel -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libaio -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libaio-devel -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libXext -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libXtst -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libX11 -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libXau -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libxcb -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libXi -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install make -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install sysstat -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install unixODBC -y [root@rhel6 ~]#yum install unixODBC-devel -y
修改相應的系統主機名以及IP地址
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 192.168.60.100 rhel6
添加相應的grid用戶及用戶組
[root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 501 oinstall [root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 502 dba [root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 503 oper [root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 504 asmadmin [root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 505 asmoper [root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 506 asmdba [root@rhel6 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle [root@rhel6 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid [root@rhel6 ~]# passwd oracle [root@rhel6 ~]# passwd grid
創建Grid Infrastructure組件安裝目錄
[root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid [root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid [root@rhel6 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01 [root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory [root@rhel6 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory [root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle [root@rhel6 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle [root@rhel6 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01
修改操作系統參數
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf grid soft nproc 2047 grid hard nproc 16384 grid soft nofile 1024 grid hard nofile 65536 grid soft stack 10240 grid hard stack 32768 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768
修改Linux服務器ulmits限制
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf #* soft nproc 1024 * - nproc 16384
禁用SELINUX安全限制
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled //修改配置文件永久關閉selinux; [root@rhel6 ~]# setenforce 0
關閉IPTABLES防火牆
[root@rhel6 ~]# service iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] [root@rhel6 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 iptables off //3、5級別永久關閉iptables;
修改Linux操作系統的登陸配置文件
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login session required pam_limits.so
修改Linux系統內核Kernel配置
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf #kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 //註釋掉原先的系統的配置; #kernel.shmall = 4294967296 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmmax = 858993459 //大於SGA,小於物理內存; kernel.shmall = 1048576 //物理內存%4K; kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 [root@rhel6 ~]# sysctl -p
配置grid和oracle用戶的環境變量
[root@rhel6 ~]# su - grid //grid用戶環境變量配置; [grid@rhel6 ~]$ vi .bash_profile PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$' export PS1 umask 022 export TMP=/tmp export LANG=en_US export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rhel6 ORACLE_SID=+ASM; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@rhel6 ~]# su - oracle [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ vi .bash_profile TMP=/tmp; export TMP TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR export LANG=en_US ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=itpuxdb; export ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi
配置udev配置ASM（在此係統所用磁盤爲/dev/sda），
[root@rhel6 ~]# fdisk /dev/(sdb\sdc\sdd\sde\sdf) //對磁盤進行分區; [root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules KERNEL=="sdb1", NAME="asm_grid1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdc1", NAME="asm_system", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdd1", NAME="asm_recovery", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sde1", NAME="asm_data01", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdf1", NAME="asm_data02", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" [root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb1 [root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdc1 [root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdd1 [root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sde1 [root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdf1 [root@rhel6 ~]# udevadm control --reload-rules [root@rhel6 ~]# start_udev Starting udev: [ OK ] [root@rhel6 ~]# ls -lsa /dev/asm* 0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 65 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_data01 0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 81 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_data02 0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 17 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_grid1 0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 49 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_recovery 0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 33 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_system
上傳Oracle安裝包到服務器
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum -y install lrzsz //安裝xshell所用的FTP軟件; [root@rhel6 ~]#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip [root@rhel6 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /opt/grid/
配置VNC遠程桌面
[root@rhel6 ~]# yum -y install vnc-server [root@rhel6 opt]# su - grid [grid@rhel6:/home/grid]$vncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: xauth: creating new authority file /home/grid/.Xauthority New 'rhel6:1 (grid)' desktop is rhel6:1 Creating default startup script /home/grid/.vnc/xstartup Starting applications specified in /home/grid/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/grid/.vnc/rhel6:1.log
VNC遠程桌面連接配置安裝Grid Infrastructure組件
[grid@rhel6 ~]$ cd /opt/grid/ [grid@rhel6 grid]$ ./runInstaller
選擇單節點安裝配置Grid Infrastructure
選擇語言環境
掃描ASM磁盤
配置統一的賬戶密碼
環境變量配置正確的情況下會自動識別用戶組
配置安裝目錄（可手動調整）
檢測依賴包等信息後，出現警告（因測試虛擬機內存較少，未能達到Oracle推薦值這裏可以忽略）
執行所要求的腳本
[root@rhel6 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@rhel6 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= grid ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params Creating trace directory LOCAL ADD MODE Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'.. Operation successful. LOCAL ONLY MODE Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys. Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'.. Operation successful. CRS-4664: Node rhel6 successfully pinned. Adding Clusterware entries to upstart rhel6 2017/05/24 07:14:47 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rhel6/backup_20170524_071447.olr Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server
配置安裝成功
配置安裝Oracle 客戶端
[root@rhel6 opt]# su - oracle [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ vncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: xauth: creating new authority file /home/oracle/.Xauthority New 'rhel6:2 (oracle)' desktop is rhel6:2 Creating default startup script /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/rhel6:2.log [root@rhel6 opt]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip [root@rhel6 opt]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip [root@rhel6 opt]# chown -R oracle.oinstall database/
VNC遠程桌面安裝Oracle軟件
[oracle@rhel6 database]$ ./runInstaller
選擇只安裝Oracle軟件（後續再建實例）
選擇單實例節點安裝
選擇安裝企業版
Oracle數據庫軟件安裝位置（環境變量讀取正確不需要修改）
由於測試環境內存偏小，所以這裏可以忽略警告繼續安裝
以root用戶執行所需的腳本
[root@rhel6 tmp]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions.
安裝完成
Oracle和ASM配置安裝完成接下來安裝配置ASM，建instance
以grid用戶遠程桌面登陸，配置ASM磁盤
[grid@rhel6:/home/grid]$asmca
以oracle用戶遠程桌面登陸，配置創建數據庫
[oracle@rhel6 database]$ dbca
選擇創建數據庫
由於這裏是實驗環境選擇第一項
配置instance名
由於這裏是實驗環境，選擇啓用OEM，不勾選快速閃回
配置統一的密碼
在此選擇ASM磁盤而非file system，選擇創建的ASM磁盤組
實驗環境勾選實例
配置SGA、PGA空間大小，配置中文字符集ZHFS16GBK，配置併發連接數，配置專用共享池
在此可配置數據文件大小以及自動擴展、redo log組配置，（實驗環境在此不做過多配置）
在此可將數據配置文件等信息導出（方便後續文檔撰寫）
創建數據庫中...
數據庫安裝完成
以grid用戶查看集羣狀態及監聽狀態
[grid@rhel6:/home/grid]$crsctl status resource -t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Local Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.DATA.dg ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 ora.DSG.dg ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 Started ora.ons OFFLINE OFFLINE rhel6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cluster Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.cssd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 ora.diskmon 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.evmd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 ora.orcl.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 Open ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [grid@rhel6:/home/grid]$lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-MAY-2017 08:28:36 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 24-MAY-2017 07:15:42 Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 12 min. 53 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
以oracle用戶登錄連接數據庫，查詢表空間
[oracle@rhel6 database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed May 24 08:27:56 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select * from V$TABLESPACE; TS# NAME INC BIG FLA ENC ---------- ------------------------------ --- --- --- --- 0 SYSTEM YES NO YES 1 SYSAUX YES NO YES 2 UNDOTBS1 YES NO YES 4 USERS YES NO YES 3 TEMP NO NO YES 6 EXAMPLE YES NO YES 6 rows selected.
在此，Rhel Linux環境下的udev + ASM Oracle 11gR2安裝部署完成，狀態正常。