1、試驗網絡拓撲圖
環境描述
|
MASTER |
eth0: |
VIP |
|
|
BACKUP |
eth0: |
2、Mysql安裝
架設高可用Mysql數據庫，目前解決方案很多，主要架構設計在Mysql上。可能通過共享存儲，主從備份，主主備份等手段來實現數據的一致性。爲了簡單化方便，這裏使用主主同步備份的方式來實現高可用性Mysql集羣。
MySQL數據還是放在本地較爲安全，存儲設備畢竟存在單點隱患。使用MySQL雙master+keepalived是一種非常好的解決方案，在MySQL-HA環境中，MySQL互爲主從關係，這樣就保證了兩臺MySQL數據的一致性，然後用keepalived實現虛擬IP，通過keepalived自帶的服務監控功能來實現MySQL故障時自動切換。
注：爲了區分兩臺服務器主機名分別設爲Master、Backup(不是必要的)
[root@Master ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql
[root@Backup ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql
3、配置主主同步備份Mysql
MySQL master-master配置方法
A：修改MySQL配置文件
兩臺MySQL均如要開啓binlog日誌功能，開啓方法：在MySQL配置文件[MySQLd]段中加上log-bin=MySQL-bin選項
兩臺MySQL的server-ID不能一樣，默認情況下兩臺MySQL的serverID都是1，需將其中一臺修改爲2即可
B：互將本機設爲另一臺服務的主服務器
1) 授權用戶
創建同步用戶，在主服務器上爲從服務器建立一個連接帳戶，該帳戶必須授予REPLICAITON SLAVE權限。
這裏服務器Master主機和服務器Backup互爲主從，所以都要分別建立一個同步用戶。[root@Master ~]# service mysqld start
[root@Master ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.77 Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> grant replication slave,file on *.* to 'repl1'@'
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@Backup ~]# service mysqld start
[root@Backup ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.77 Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> grant replication slave,file on *.* to 'repl2'@'
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@Master ~]# service mysqld stop
Stopping MySQL: [ OK ]
[root@Backup ~]# service mysqld stop
Stopping MySQL: [ OK ]
2) 配置Mysql主主同步配置文件
[root@Master ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
##################加入以下內容
log-bin=mysql-bin 啓動二進制日誌系統
server-id=1 本機數據庫ID 標示爲主，另一配置爲2
binlog-do-db=test 二進制需要同步的數據庫名
binlog-ignore-db=mysql 避免同步mysql用戶配置，以免不必要的麻煩
replicate-do-db=test 同步數據庫名稱
replicate-ignore-db=mysql 屏蔽對mysql庫的同步
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors=all
sync_binlog=1
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1 另一配置爲2
3) 分別重啓兩服務器的Mysql服務
[root@Master ~]# service mysqld start
[root@Backup ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL: [ OK ]
4) 分別在服務器上查看做爲主服務器狀態
注：這裏鎖表的目的是爲了生產環境中不讓進新的數據，好讓從服務器定位同步位置。初次同步完成後，記得解鎖。
[root@Master ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.77-log Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> flush tables with read lock\G
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 98
Binlog_Do_DB: test
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
[root@Backup ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.77-log Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 98
Binlog_Do_DB: test
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
5） 分別在兩服務器上用change master語句指定同步位置
A：Master服務器上執行
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='
-> master_user='repl2',
-> master_password='123456',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=98;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
一行寫法
mysql> change master to master_host='
B：啓動從服務器線程
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
C：Backup服務器上執行
mysql> change master to master_host='
D：啓動從服務器線程
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
6) 查看各自主機看IO進程和slave進程
mysql> show processlist\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 3
User: root
Host: localhost
db: test
Command: Query
Time: 0
State: NULL
Info: show processlist
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 4
User: system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time: 62
State: Waiting for master to send event
Info: NULL
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Id: 5
User: system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time: 53
State: Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Info: NULL
*************************** 4. row ***************************
Id: 6
User: repl1
Host: Backup:54282
db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump
Time: 53
State: Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
Info: NULL
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
釋放掉各自的鎖
mysql> unlock tables;
7) 分別在兩服務器上查看從服務器狀態
mysql>show slave status\G;
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
查看以上兩項的值，均爲Yes則表示狀態正常
8) 測試主主同步
A：測試服務器Master，在服務器Master中新建數據
mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t2 (id int,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B：在Backup服務器進行查看
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t2 |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
C：在Backup服務器中插入一條記錄
mysql> insert into t2 values (001,"ganxing");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
D：在Master服務器中查看
mysql> select * from t2;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 1 | ganxing |
+------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
9）兩臺MySQL服務器都要授權允許從遠程登錄
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)