1.1 fdisk 磁盤分區工具
受mbr分區表限制,只能給小於2T的磁盤劃分分區，
語法：
[fdisk] [option] [device]
參數：
-l 顯示所有磁盤分區的信息
1.1 交互式分區實踐
[root@lvs ~]# ls /dev/sd*
[root@lvs ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): m
Command action
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
-c 提示使用-c關閉dos兼容模式
-u 提示-u 參數使用扇區爲單位分區
Command (m for help): m m 是幫助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag #設置引導分區
b edit bsd disklabel #編輯bsd分區
c toggle the dos compatibility flag #設置dos兼容扇區
d delete a partition # 刪除一個分區
l list known partition types #查看分區類型對應編號列表
m print this menu # 打印幫助菜單
n add a new partition #新建一個分區
o create a new empty DOS partition table #創建一個新的dos分區表
p print the partition table #打印分區表
q quit without saving changes #退出不保存更改
s create a new empty Sun disklabel #創建新的sun卷標
t change a partition's system id #更改分區系統id
u change display/entry units #改變顯示/條目的單位
v verify the partition table #驗證分區表
w write table to disk and exit #將操作寫入分區表並退出程序
x extra functionality (experts only) #額外的功能
Command (m for help): n #新建立一個分區
Command action
e extended 擴展分區
p primary partition (1-4) 創建主分區
p 創建一個主分區，需要人工輸入p後回車
Partition number (1-4): 1 設置主分區編號1
First cylinder (1-261083, default 1): 1G 設置柱起面,默認爲1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-261083, default 261083): 100G #設置結束柱面
Command (m for help): p 打印分過的分區表
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261083 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xc4682775
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n 再建立一個分區表
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e 創建一個擴展分區
Partition number (1-4): 2 設置分區編號爲2
First cylinder (101-261083, default 101):
Using default value 101
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (101-261083, default 261083):
Using default value 261083
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261083 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xc4682775
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 261083 2096345947+ 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n 再建立一個分區
Command action
l logical (5 or over) 分了擴展分區,這裏自動變爲邏輯分區
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
No free sectors available 不能再創建主分區,沒有磁盤空間了
Command (m for help): n 再新建一個分區
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l 新建立一個邏輯分區
First cylinder (101-261083, default 101):
Using default value 101
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (101-261083, default 261083): 400G
Command (m for help): p 打印分區表
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261083 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xc4682775
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 261083 2096345947+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 101 400 2409718+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n 新建立一個分區
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l 新建立一個邏輯分區
First cylinder (401-261083, default 401): 401
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (401-261083, default 261083):
Using default value 261083
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261083 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xc4682775
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 261083 2096345947+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 101 400 2409718+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 401 261083 2093936166 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w 將操作寫入分區表生效並退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@lvs ~]# ls /dev/sd* 查看分區後的狀態
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdc
[root@lvs ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb 執行該命令通知內核分區表已經更改,此部是不重啓讓分區表生效的命令
[root@lvs ~]#
1.2格式化磁盤
[root@lvs ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
50288 inodes, 200804 blocks
10040 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200
7 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7184 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. 執行這個命令可以避免磁盤掛自動檢查磁盤。
1.3掛載磁盤分區
[root@lvs ~]# df -h 顯示磁盤使用的情況
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 79G 3.4G 71G 5% /
tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 29M 155M 16% /boot
[root@lvs ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt磁盤只能掛了才能使用,將磁盤掛載到/mnt下
[root@lvs ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 79G 3.4G 71G 5% /
tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 29M 155M 16% /boot
/dev/sdb1 773M 17M 717M 3% /mnt
[root@lvs ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0 在用交互指令d刪除分區時要小心,看好分區的序號,如果刪除了擴展分區，那麼擴展分區之下的邏輯分區都會被刪除,所在在操作時要小心,如果不小心刪除錯誤,按q退出,這樣之前的操作就會失效,如果輸入(w保存指令)則會保存所有修改