1、cacti簡介
1）、cacti是用php語言實現的一個軟件，它的主要功能是用snmp服務獲取數據，然後用rrdtool儲存和更新數據，當用戶需要查看數據的時候用rrdtool生成圖表呈現給用戶。因此，snmp和rrdtool是cacti的關鍵。Snmp關係着數據的收集，rrdtool關係着數據存儲和圖表的生成。
2）、mysql配合PHP程序存儲一些變量數據並對變量數據進行調用，如：主機名、主機ip、snmp團體名、端口號、模板信息等變量。
3）、snmp抓到數據不是存儲在mysql中，而是存在rrdtool生成的rrd文件中（在cacti根目錄的rra文件夾下）。rrdtool對數據的更新和存儲就是對rrd文件的處理，rrd文件是大小固定的檔案文件（Round Robin Archive），它能夠存儲的數據筆數在創建時就已經定義。
2、軟件包準備
cacti-0.8.8b.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.23.tar.gz
php-5.4.10.tar.gz
cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz
mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz
rrdtool-1.4.8.tar.gz
net-snmp-5.7.2.1.tar.gz
Python-2.7.6.tgz
libxml2-2.9.1.tar.gz
zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
jpegsrc.v9a.tar.gz
libpng-1.6.12.tar.gz
freetype-2.5.3.tar.gz
libart_lgpl-2.3.21.tar.gz
gettext-0.19.2.tar.xz
libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz
curl-7.37.1.tar.gz
3、apache安裝配置
# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.23.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.2.23
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-so
# make && make install
# cp /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
4、mysql安裝配置
# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz
# cd cmake-2.8.11.2
# ./configure
# make && make install
# groupadd mysql
# useradd mysql
# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.5.28
# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_DEBUG=0
# make && make install
# vim /root/.bashrc
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:${PATH}
export PATH
# source /root/.bashrc
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.28/scripts/mysql_install_db
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
# service mysqld start
# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456
# mysqladmin --user=root -p create cacti
# mysql -uroot -p cacti<cacti.sql
mysql>GRANT ALL ON cacti.* TO cactiuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'cactipassword';
mysql>flush privileges;
5、GD安裝配置
1）、安裝libxml2
# tar zxvf Python-2.7.6.tgz #貌似只能是這個版本，否則編譯libxml2時會報錯
# cd Python-2.7.6
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
# make && make install
# tar zxvf libxml2-2.9.1.tar.gz
# cd libxml2-2.9.1
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make && make install
2)、安裝zlib
# tar zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
# cd zlib-1.2.8
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib2
# make && make install
# yum install -y zlib-devel
3)、安裝jpegsrc
# tar zxvf jpegsrc.v9a.tar.gz
# cd jpeg-9a
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpegsrc9
# make && make install
4)、安裝libpng
# tar zxvf libpng-1.6.12.tar.gz
# cd libpng-1.6.12
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng2
# make && make install
5)、安裝freetype
# tar zxvf freetype-2.5.3.tar.gz
# cd freetype-2.5.3
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype2
# make && make install
6)、安裝libart_lgpl
# tar zxvf libart_lgpl-2.3.21.tar.gz
# cd libart_lgpl-2.3.21
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libart
# make && make install
7）、安裝gettext
# xz -d gettext-0.19.2.tar.xz
# tar xvf gettext-0.19.2.tar
# cd gettext-0.19.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gettext
# make && make install
8)、安裝GD
# tar zxvf libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz
# cd libgd-2.1.0
9)、安裝curl
# tar zxvf curl-7.37.1.tar.gz
# cd curl-7.37.1
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/curl
# make && make install
6、php安裝配置
# yum install -y libxml2-devel freetype-devel
# tar zxvf php-5.4.10.tar.gz
# cd php-5.4.10
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg9/ --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng2/ --with-gd --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype2/ --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib2/ --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-curl=/usr/local/curl --with-gettext=/usr/local/gettext --enable-sockets
# make && make install
# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/bin
# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
在#AddType application/x-tar.tgz後追加:AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
在#LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so後追加:LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
在DirectoryIndexindex.html後面追加index.php
7、rrdtool安裝配置
# yum install -y freetype-devel libart_lgpl-devel gd-devel cairo cairo-devel pango pango-devel
# tar zxvf rrdtool-1.4.8.tar.gz
# cd rrdtool-1.4.8
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool
# make && make install
# ln -s /usr/local/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool /usr/bin
8、net-snmp安裝配置
# tar zxvf net-snmp-5.7.2.1.tar.gz
# cd net-snmp-5.7.2.1
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/net-snmp
# make && make install
# ln –s /usr/local/net-snmp/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
# cp /usr/local/src/net-snmp-5.7.2.1/EXAMPLE.conf /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf
# vim /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf
添加以下內容
view all included .1
view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.2
# /usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd
# lsof -i:161
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
snmpd 41107 root 8u IPv4 616363 0t0 UDP localhost:snmp
# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost system
# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
追加以下內容，開機自啓動
/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd
# 關於snmpd.conf的內容還可以引用以下配置
com2sec notConfigUser default test
group notConfigGroup v1 notConfigUser
group notConfigGroup v2c notConfigUser
view all included .1
view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1
view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.2
view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1
access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact all none none
com2sec local localhost test
com2sec mynetwork 10.0.2.0/24 test
view mib2 included .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 fc
9、cacti安裝配置
# tar zxvf cacti-0.8.8b.tar.gz
# mv cacti-0.8.8b /usr/local/cacti
# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs" => DocumentRoot "/usr/local/cacti"
<Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"> => <Directory "/usr/local/cacti">
# vim /usr/local/cacti/include/config.php
$database_type = "mysql";
$database_default = "cacti";
$database_hostname = "localhost";
$database_username = "cactiuser";
$database_password = "cactipassword";
$database_port = "3306";
$database_ssl = false;
/* load up old style plugins here */ #enable plugins
$plugins = array();
//$plugins[] = 'thold';
# useradd cactiuser
# chown -R cactiuser.cactiuser ./rra ./log
# service httpd restart
# rrdtool fetch localhost_users_6.rrd AVERAGE|MAX#查看rrd文件是否有數據
10、被監控機安裝snmp服務
# yum install -y net-snmp*
# vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
view all included .1
view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.2
# service snmpd start
# lsof -i:161
11、問題彙總
問題1：
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti/include/global_constants.php on line 165
解決方法：
# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
修改
date.timezone = PRC
並取消註釋
問題2：
PHP Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference in /usr/local/nginx/html/cacti/lib/ping.php on line 382
解決方法：
socket_select($r = array($this->socket), $w = NULL, $f = NULL, $to_sec, $to_usec){
=>修改爲
$r = array($this->socket);
$w = NULL;
$f = NULL;
switch(socket_select($r, $w, $f, $to_sec, $to_usec)){
問題3：
WARNING: Cron is out of sync with the Poller Interval! The Poller Interval is '300' seconds, with a maximum of a '300' second Cron, but 2135 seconds have passed since the last poll!
解決方法：
*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/php /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1