結構體的嵌入類型
1、嵌入結構體1
package main import "fmt" type Person struct { name string } type Student struct { class int person Person //定義person 類型爲Person } func main(){ s := Student{1,Person{"xiaoming"}} fmt.Println("name :",s.person.name) //訪問嵌入結構體的變量 } //執行結果: name : xiaoming
2、嵌入結構體2
package main import "fmt" type Person struct { name string } type Student struct { class int Person //我們直接將Person引入到Student } func main(){ s := Student{1,Person{"xiaoming"}} fmt.Println("name :",s.name) //訪問時可以直接訪問s.name 而不需要s.person.name } //執行結果: name: xiaoming
接口
1、定義接口
在go語言中,接口是定義了類型一系列方法的列表,如果一個類型實現了該接口所有的方法,那麼該類型就符合該接口
package main import "fmt" import "math" type Shape interface { area() float64 } type Rectangle struct { width float64 height float64 } type Circle struct { radius float64 } func (r Rectangle) area() float64 { return r.height * r.width } func (c Circle) area() float64 { return math.Pi * math.Pow(c.radius,2) } func getArea(shape Shape) float64 { return shape.area() } func main(){ r := Rectangle{20,10} c := Circle{4} fmt.Println("Rectangle Area =",getArea(r)) fmt.Println("Circle Area =",getArea(c)) } //執行結果: Rectangle Area = 200 Circle Area = 50.26548245743669
2、接口嵌入
package main import "fmt" import "math" type Shape interface { area() float64 } type MultiShape interface { Shape //嵌入式 } type Rectangle struct { width float64 height float64 } type Circle struct { radius float64 } func (r Rectangle) area() float64 { return r.height * r.width } func (c Circle) area() float64 { return math.Pi * math.Pow(c.radius,2) } func getArea(shape MultiShape) float64 { //改爲MultiShape return shape.area() } func main(){ r := Rectangle{20,10} c := Circle{4} fmt.Println("Rectangle Area =",getArea(r)) fmt.Println("Circle Area =",getArea(c)) } //執行結果: Rectangle Area = 200 Circle Area = 50.26548245743669 //執行結果一致