WebDriverWait詳解

selenium.webdriver.support.wait.WebDriverWait

先看下WebDriverWait的代碼

import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

POLL_FREQUENCY = 0.5  # How long to sleep inbetween calls to the method
IGNORED_EXCEPTIONS = (NoSuchElementException,)  # exceptions ignored during calls to the method


class WebDriverWait(object):
    def __init__(self, driver, timeout, poll_frequency=POLL_FREQUENCY, ignored_exceptions=None):
        """Constructor, takes a WebDriver instance and timeout in seconds.

           :Args:
            - driver - Instance of WebDriver (Ie, Firefox, Chrome or Remote)
            - timeout - Number of seconds before timing out
            - poll_frequency - sleep interval between calls
              By default, it is 0.5 second.
            - ignored_exceptions - iterable structure of exception classes ignored during calls.
              By default, it contains NoSuchElementException only.

           Example:
            from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait \n
            element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId")) \n
            is_disappeared = WebDriverWait(driver, 30, 1, (ElementNotVisibleException)).\ \n
                        until_not(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId").is_displayed())
        """
        self._driver = driver
        self._timeout = timeout
        self._poll = poll_frequency
        # avoid the divide by zero
        if self._poll == 0:
            self._poll = POLL_FREQUENCY
        exceptions = list(IGNORED_EXCEPTIONS)
        if ignored_exceptions is not None:
            try:
                exceptions.extend(iter(ignored_exceptions))
            except TypeError:  # ignored_exceptions is not iterable
                exceptions.append(ignored_exceptions)
        self._ignored_exceptions = tuple(exceptions)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{0.__module__}.{0.__name__} (session="{1}")>'.format(
            type(self), self._driver.session_id)

    def until(self, method, message=''):
        """Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
        return value is not False."""
        screen = None
        stacktrace = None

        end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
        while True:
            try:
                value = method(self._driver)
                if value:
                    return value
            except self._ignored_exceptions as exc:
                screen = getattr(exc, 'screen', None)
                stacktrace = getattr(exc, 'stacktrace', None)
            time.sleep(self._poll)
            if time.time() > end_time:
                break
        raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)

    def until_not(self, method, message=''):
        """Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
        return value is False."""
        end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
        while True:
            try:
                value = method(self._driver)
                if not value:
                    return value
            except self._ignored_exceptions:
                return True
            time.sleep(self._poll)
            if time.time() > end_time:
                break
        raise TimeoutException(message)

來看下傳的參數：

driver: 傳入WebDriver實例

timeout: 超時時間，等待的最長時間（同時要考慮隱性等待時間）

poll_frequency: 調用until或 中的方法的間隔時間，默認是0.5秒

ignored_exceptions: 忽略的異常，如果在調用until或until_not的過程中拋出這個元組中的異常，則不中斷代碼，繼續等待，如果拋出的是這個元組外的異常，則中斷代碼，拋出異常。默認只有NoSuchElementException。

until method: 在等待期間，每隔一段時間調用這個傳入的方法，直到返回值不是False

message: 如果超時，拋出TimeoutException，將message傳入異常

until_not 與until相反，until是當某元素出現或什麼條件成立則繼續執行，until_not是當某元素消失或什麼條件不成立則繼續執行，參數也相同，不再贅述。




調用方法如下：

WebDriverWait(driver, 超時時長, 調用頻率, 忽略異常).until(可執行方法, 超時時返回的信息)

 這裏需要特別注意的是until或until_not中的可執行方法method參數，很多人傳入了WebElement對象，這是不正確的。在這裏，你可以用selenium提供的 expected_conditions 模塊中的各種條件，也可以用WebElement的 is_displayed() 、is_enabled()、is_selected() 方法，或者用自己封裝的方法都可以