在說數據庫分表之前，先隨便聊聊Zabbix的一些參數的優化吧，其實我也不是很懂，只是機器上了1500+，楞着頭皮去調一下參數
首先是幾個Poller的調整：
### Option: StartPollers （處理監控項的東西）
### Option: StartIPMIPollers （母雞幹什麼用的，暫時沒用，設爲0）
### Option: StartPollersUnreachable （獲取數據遇到不可到達時，交給這些進程處理）
### Option: StartHTTPPollers （監控HTTP，WEB那些東西用的，沒用，設爲0）
### Option: StartJavaPollers （監控JAVA專用進程，爲毛就只有JAVA）
### Option: StartProxyPollers （處理代理的進程，暫時沒用，設爲0）
### Option: StartDiscoverers （處理自動發現的，沒用，設爲0）
### Option: StartPingers （如果用了ICMP PING那個模板的，這個值要調大一些）
把幾個沒用到的先關掉：StartHTTPPollers StartJavaPollers StartProxyPollers，設爲0就可以了，然後可以觀察ZabbixServer的圖形來調整StartPollers和StartPollersUnreachable的數量：
要注意的是，例如StartPollers，雖然配置文件寫是可用範圍是0-1000，但這個1000是所有的進程的值，也就是說上面那些進程的總數不能超過1000，設的時候要注意一下這點。
關於Cache的調整：
### Option: CacheSize
### Option: CacheUpdateFrequency
### Option: HistoryCacheSize
### Option: TrendCacheSize
### Option: HistoryTextCacheSize
### Option: ValueCacheSize
關於內存的參數有這麼多，都是要根據機器數量和item數量的增加而增加，這些內存的值不能大於系統內核的kernel.shmall這個值，否則申請不了內存程序啓動不了
如果日誌出現連續一大片地出現這些信息：
Zabbix agent item "vfs.fs.size[/boot,free]" on host "192.168.1.100" failed: first network error, wait for 15 seconds
resuming Zabbix agent checks on host "192.168.1.100": connection restored
說明你的poller不夠，需要再加大poller，如果加大poller還是這樣則需要減少監控的item，或者用proxy來做分佈式監控了
機器數量多的時候，mysql裏面的history表就會越來越大，雖然zabbix本身有刪除功能（就是那個housekeeper的功能），但這東西太影響性能，所以網上的做法都是關閉這個東西，用mysql的表分區功能來實現清理歷史數據還可以提升mysql的性能
一、先修改兩張表的結構：
Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id)
Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);
二、導入存儲過程：
DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
*/
/*
Verify that the partition does not already exist
*/ DECLARE RETROWS INT; SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name = PARTITIONNAME;
IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
/*
1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
3. Execute the SQL from #2.
*/
SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg; SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' ); PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL; EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END IF;END$$
DELIMITER ;DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
*/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE; DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);
/*
Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with
a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
*/
DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT partition_name FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
/*
Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create
@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
should be deleted.
*/
SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION "); SET @drop_partitions = "";
/*
Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
*/
OPEN myCursor;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name; IF done THEN
LEAVE read_loop; END IF; SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name)); END LOOP; IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
/*
1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
*/
SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";"); PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql; EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`; ELSE
/*
No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
that no changes were made.
*/
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`; END IF;END$$
DELIMITER ;DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)BEGIN DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16); DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT; DECLARE CUR_TIME INT; CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL); SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00')); IF DATE(NOW()) = '2014-04-01' THEN SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00')); END IF; SET @__interval = 1; create_loop: LOOP IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN LEAVE create_loop; END IF; SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600); SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00'); CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP); SET @__interval=@__interval+1; END LOOP; SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000'); CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE); END$$ DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE RETROWS INT(11); DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
/*
* Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
*/
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
/*
* If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
*/
IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
/*
* Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
*/
SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00')); SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
-- Create the partitioning query
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)"); SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");
-- Run the partitioning query
PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL; EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END IF;END$$
DELIMITER ;可以將這四個存儲過程寫成一個SQL文件直接導入：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'123456' zabbix < partition_call.sql
三、使用存儲過程：
mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('<zabbix_db_name>', '<table_name>', <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>)例（不要急着直接執行，後面統一運行）：
mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('zabbix', 'history', 7, 24, 7);zabbix_db_name：庫名
table_name：表名
days_to_keep_data：保存多少天的數據
hourly_interval：每隔多久生成一個分區
num_future_intervals_to_create：本次一共生成多少個分區
這個例子就是history表最多保存7天的數據，每隔24小時生成一個分區，這次一共生成7個分區
下面這個存儲過程就是統一調用：
DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32)) BEGIN CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14); END$$ DELIMITER ;
保存成文件，再次導入存儲過程：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'123456' zabbix < partition_all.sql
以後只需要調用這個存儲過程就可以了，每天執行一次：
mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"四、最後關掉Zabbix的HouseKeeper功能：
最後附上兩個存儲過程的文件~
參考文章：
https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition