CentOS中Python pip包管理工具的安裝和使用
Python有很多第三方的模塊或包，要管理這些包，有很多方法。python的pip包管理工具，類似與CentOS中yum，使用該工具安裝Python包非常方便。
從Python內部來說，pip 是一個安裝和管理 Python 包的工具 , 是 easy_install 的一個替換品。
distribute是setuptools的取代(Setuptools包後期不再維護了)，pip是easy_install的取代。
pip的安裝前需要setuptools 或者 distribute，如果你使用的是Python3.x那麼就只能使用distribute因爲Python3.x不支持setuptools。
我的CentOS環境是Python 2.6，所以在之前已經按照好了setuptools，安裝下面的步驟安裝pip包管理工具。
1.pip工具的下載安裝
pip下載命令爲：
# cd /usr/local/src --路徑可以根據情況修改 # wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate
pip 安裝命令爲：
# tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz # cd pip-1.5.4 # python setup.py install
2.pip工具使用方法
pip安裝一個包 # pip install SomePackage [...] Successfully installed SomePackage pip列出已經安裝的包 # pip list pip查看已經安裝的包 # pip show --files SomePackage Name: SomePackage Version: 1.0 Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages Files: ../somepackage/__init__.py [...] pip檢查哪些包需要更新 # pip list --outdated SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0) pip升級包 # pip install --upgrade SomePackage [...] Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0 Uninstalling SomePackage: Successfully uninstalled SomePackage Running setup.py install for SomePackage Successfully installed SomePackage pip卸載包 $ pip uninstall SomePackage Uninstalling SomePackage: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage Proceed (y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
3.pip命令參數解釋
# pip --help Usage: pip <command> [options] Commands: install 安裝包. uninstall 卸載包. freeze 按着一定格式輸出已安裝包列表 list 列出已安裝包. show 顯示包詳細信息. search 搜索包，類似yum裏的search. wheel Build wheels from your requirements. zip 不推薦. Zip individual packages. unzip 不推薦. Unzip individual packages. bundle 不推薦. Create pybundles. help 當前幫助. General Options: -h, --help 顯示幫助. -v, --verbose 更多的輸出，最多可以使用3次 -V, --version 現實版本信息然後退出. -q, --quiet 最少的輸出. --log-file <path> 覆蓋的方式記錄verbose錯誤日誌，默認文件：/root/.pip/pip.log --log <path> 不覆蓋記錄verbose輸出的日誌. --proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port. --timeout <sec> 連接超時時間 (默認15秒). --exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup. --cert <path> 證書.
4.pip管理包實際執行過程：
#使用pip 安裝Python操作Excel的模塊 XlsxWriter # pip install XlsxWriter Downloading/unpacking XlsxWriter Downloading XlsxWriter-0.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (132kB): 132kB downloaded Installing collected packages: XlsxWriter Successfully installed XlsxWriter Cleaning up... [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip list Beaker (1.3.1) cas (0.15) decorator (3.0.1) distribute (0.6.10) ethtool (0.6) firstboot (1.110) FormEncode (1.3.0) freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0) iniparse (0.3.1) iotop (0.3.2) ipapython (3.0.0) iwlib (1.0) kerberos (1.0) lxml (2.2.3) Mako (0.3.4) MarkupSafe (0.9.2) matplotlib (0.99.1.1) netaddr (0.7.5) nose (0.10.4) numpy (1.4.1) ordereddict (1.2) paramiko (1.7.5) pip (1.5.4) psutil (2.0.0) pycrypto (2.0.1) pycurl (7.19.0) PyDispatcher (2.0.5) pygpgme (0.1) pyOpenSSL (0.10) python-dateutil (1.4.1) python-default-encoding (0.1) python-ldap (2.3.10) python-meh (0.11) python-nss (0.13) pytz (2010h) pyxdg (0.18) scdate (1.9.60) sckdump (2.0.5) scservices (0.99.45) scservices.dbus (0.99.45) setuptools (18.2) slip (0.2.20) slip.dbus (0.2.20) slip.gtk (0.2.20) Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327 SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327) SSSDConfig (1.9.2) urlgrabber (3.9.1) XlsxWriter (0.7.3) yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2) # #使用pip 顯示Python操作Excel的模塊 XlsxWriter # pip show --files XlsxWriter --- Name: XlsxWriter Version: 0.7.3 Location: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages Requires: Files: Cannot locate installed-files.txt # #使用pip 顯示已經安裝的Python的包 # pip list Beaker (1.3.1) cas (0.15) decorator (3.0.1) distribute (0.6.10) ethtool (0.6) firstboot (1.110) FormEncode (1.3.0) freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0) iniparse (0.3.1) iotop (0.3.2) ipapython (3.0.0) iwlib (1.0) kerberos (1.0) lxml (2.2.3) Mako (0.3.4) MarkupSafe (0.9.2) matplotlib (0.99.1.1) netaddr (0.7.5) nose (0.10.4) numpy (1.4.1) ordereddict (1.2) paramiko (1.7.5) pip (1.5.4) psutil (2.0.0) pycrypto (2.0.1) pycurl (7.19.0) PyDispatcher (2.0.5) pygpgme (0.1) pyOpenSSL (0.10) python-dateutil (1.4.1) python-default-encoding (0.1) python-ldap (2.3.10) python-meh (0.11) python-nss (0.13) pytz (2010h) pyxdg (0.18) scdate (1.9.60) sckdump (2.0.5) scservices (0.99.45) scservices.dbus (0.99.45) setuptools (18.2) slip (0.2.20) slip.dbus (0.2.20) slip.gtk (0.2.20) Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327 SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327) SSSDConfig (1.9.2) urlgrabber (3.9.1) yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2) [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4] #使用pip 顯示需要更新的包 # pip list --outdated Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327 psutil (Current: 2.0.0 Latest: 3.1.1) pip (Current: 1.5.4 Latest: 7.1.2) matplotlib (Current: 0.99.1.1 Latest: 1.4.3) iwlib (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.5) pycrypto (Current: 2.0.1 Latest: 2.6.1) pyOpenSSL (Current: 0.10 Latest: 0.15.1) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-default-encoding Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-default-encoding to allow). python-nss (Current: 0.13 Latest: 0.16.0) MarkupSafe (Current: 0.9.2 Latest: 0.23) lxml (Current: 2.2.3 Latest: 3.4.4) pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3) pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.5.1) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ethtool Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ethtool to allow). numpy (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 1.9.2) kerberos (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.2.2) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement yum-metadata-parser Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external yum-metadata-parser to allow). python-ldap (Current: 2.3.10 Latest: 2.4.20) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sckdump Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sckdump to allow). Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ipapython Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ipapython to allow). Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.gtk Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.gtk to allow). Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement firstboot Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external firstboot to allow). Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scdate Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scdate to allow). Mako (Current: 0.3.4 Latest: 1.0.2) Beaker (Current: 1.3.1 Latest: 1.7.0) cas (Current: 0.15 Latest: 1.22) distribute (Current: 0.6.10 Latest: 0.7.3) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices.dbus Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices.dbus to allow). python-dateutil (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 2.4.2) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sssdconfig Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sssdconfig to allow). decorator (Current: 3.0.1 Latest: 4.0.2) nose (Current: 0.10.4 Latest: 1.3.7) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement freeipa Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external freeipa to allow). iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.dbus Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.dbus to allow). netaddr (Current: 0.7.5 Latest: 0.7.15) paramiko (Current: 1.7.5 Latest: 1.15.2) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-meh Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-meh to allow). pytz (Current: 2010h Latest: 2015.4) Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices to allow). Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement iotop Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external iotop to allow). pyxdg (Current: 0.18 Latest: 0.25) # #使用pip 升級psutil模塊 # pip install --upgrade psutil Downloading/unpacking psutil from https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psutil/psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz#md5=b34360627efb429cb18a4a3143b18c8c Downloading psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz (247kB): 247kB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py) egg_info for package psutil /tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py:12: DeprecationWarning: Parameters to load are deprecated. Call .resolve and .require separately. import os warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build' warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ... Installing collected packages: psutil Found existing installation: psutil 2.0.0 Uninstalling psutil: Successfully uninstalled psutil Running setup.py install for psutil building 'psutil._psutil_linux' extension gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPSUTIL_VERSION=311 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_linux.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o psutil/_psutil_linux.c: In function ‘psutil_proc_cpu_affinity_set’: psutil/_psutil_linux.c:420: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous ‘else’ gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.so building 'psutil._psutil_posix' extension gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_posix.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.so warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build' warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ... Successfully installed psutil Cleaning up... #使用pip 卸載Python操作Excel的模塊 XlsxWriter [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip uninstall XlsxWriter Uninstalling XlsxWriter: /usr/bin/vba_extract.py /usr/bin/vba_extract.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/METADATA /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/RECORD /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/WHEEL /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/metadata.json /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/top_level.txt /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.pyc Proceed (y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled XlsxWriter