上篇文章介紹了MariaDB數據庫的備份工具及實現的幾種方法，這次介紹MariaDB數據庫的複製，首選介紹什麼是mysql的複製？
一、複製概述
1.1、複製可以解決什麼問題？
數據複製技術有以下一些特點：
(1) 數據分佈
(2) 負載平衡(load balancing)，只針對讀操作
(3) 數據庫的備份
(4) 高可用性(high availability)和容錯
1.2、複製如何進行
(1) master將數據庫的改變記錄到二進制日誌(binary log)中（這些記錄叫做二進制日誌事件）；
(2) slave通過I/O線程將master的binary log events拷貝到它的中繼日誌(relay log)；
(3) slave再通過SQL線程replay中繼日誌中的事件，將改變保存至自己的數據文件中。
二、通過以下幾個模型進行介紹：
2.1、主從
2.2、主主
2.3、半同步複製
2.4、基於ssl的複製
測試環境: centos 7自帶的mariadb-server；
master：172.16.116.231 ；slave：172.16.116.232
2.1、主從複製
①主從配置過程： master： (1) 啓動二進制日誌； [mysqld] log_bin=mysql-bin 2) 爲當前節點設置一個全局唯一的server_id號； [mysqld] server_id=1 (3) 創建有複製權限的用戶賬號； REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT |
從節點： (1) 啓動中繼日誌； [mysqld] relay_log=relay-log (2) 爲當前節點設置一個全局惟的ID號； [mysqld] server_id=11 (3) 使用有複製權限的用戶賬號連接至主服務器，並啓動複製線程； mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO ~~ mysql> START SLAVE [IO_THREAD|SQL_THREAD]; |
②實現過程如下：
master：172.16.11.231
# yum install -y mariadb-server //master/slave節點安裝MySQL數據庫 [root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf log_bin=mysql-bin //開啓二進制 server_id=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 skip_name_resolve=1 ssl MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'copy'@'172.16.116.232' identified by 'passwd'; //用戶授權 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; //查看使用二進制日誌文件的位置 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 494 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ MariaDB [(none)]> create database testdb; //測試從服務器是否可以複製 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 581 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
slave：172.16.11.232
# yum install -y mariadb-server //master/slave節點安裝MySQL數據庫 [root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf relay_log=relay-log //開啓中繼日誌 server_id=11 //id號 innodb_file_per_table=1 //innodb存儲引擎每表一個表空間 skip_name_resolve=1 //跳過名稱反解 ssl //啓用ssl MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.116.231',master_user='copy',master_password='passwd',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=494; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; //啓動複製線程 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 172.16.116.231 Master_User: copy Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 494 Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 494 Relay_Log_Space: 245 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.116.231 Master_User: copy Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 581 Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 616 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 581 Relay_Log_Space: 904 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //複製沒問題 +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | testdb | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2.2、主主複製;互爲主從
| ① 配置過程 |
（1）各節點設置一個全局唯一的server_id號 （2）各節點都啓用log_bin 和relay_log （3）創建有複製權限的用戶賬號 REPLICATION SLAVE ; REPLICATION CLIENT （4）定義自動增長id字段的數值範圍爲奇偶 配置一個節點使用奇數id auto_increment_offset=1 auto_increment_increment=2 另一個節點使用偶數id auto_increment_offset=2 auto_increment_increment=2 （5）均把對方指定爲主節點，並啓動複製線程 |
② 實現過程如下
master：172.16.116.231
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
log_bin=mysql-bin //開啓二進制日誌
relay_log=relay-log //開啓中繼日誌
server_id=1 //id號
innodb_file_per_table=1 //innodb存儲引擎每表一個表空間
skip_name_resolve=1 //跳過名稱反解
ssl
auto_increment_offset=1 //自動增長id段使用奇數
auto_increment_increment=2
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'copy'@'172.16.116.232' identified by 'passwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 504 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.116.232',master_user='copy',master_password='passwd',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=504;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; //啓動複製線程
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database testdb; //測試，創建新的數據庫
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
//在172.16.116.231的MySQL數據庫中查看是否存在表及其表中數據
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.student;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 2 | tom |
| 4 | jerry |
+----+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//存在，同樣新增2條數據
MariaDB [(none)]> insert into testdb.student(name) value ('blue'),('red');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0slave：172.16.116.232
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
log_bin=mysql-bin
relay_log=relay-log
server_id=11
innodb_file_per_table=1
skip_name_resolve=1
ssl
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'copy'@'172.16.116.231' identified by 'passwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 504 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.116.231',master_user='copy',master_password='passwd',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=504;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; //啓動複製線程
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //查看是否同步成功，可以看到有testdb數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//在172.16.116.232的MySQL數據庫中創建表student並插入2條數據
MariaDB [(none)]> use testdb;
Database changed
MariaDB [testdb]> create table student(id int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,name char(20) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.37 sec)
MariaDB [testdb]> insert into student(name) value ('tom'),('jerry');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
//可以看到下表中的數據，同步沒問題！！
MariaDB [testdb]> select * from testdb.student;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 2 | tom |
| 4 | jerry |
| 5 | blue |
| 7 | red |
+----+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.3、半同步複製
① 配置過程：
實現半同步複製的功能很簡單，只需在mysql的主服務器和從服務器上安裝個google提供的插件即可實現，master上使用semisync_master.so，slave上使用semisync_slave.so插件即可實現，插件在mysql通用二進制的mysql/lib/plugin目錄內；rpm包安裝的 /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/目錄內。
注：在從服務器開啓半同步的時候，建立數據庫很快；關閉從服務器的I/O線程的時候，主服務器創建數據庫的時候會等待，當超過超時時間的時候纔會創建；一旦超時，會自動降級爲異步，再次執行操作不會等待
// 主服務器上需要安裝的插件 MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%'; +------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------------------+-------+ | rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | OFF | | rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 10000 | | rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 | | rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON | +------------------------------------+-------+ //從服務器上需要安裝的插件 MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%';
②其配置步驟如下；主從複製模型測試~~
master：
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf log_bin=mysql-bin //開啓二進制日誌 server_id=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 skip_name_resolve=1 rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1 //開啓半同步複製； 配置完成重啓mariadb服務 rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=5000 //設置複製的超時時間，單位爲毫秒，超過這個時長，會自動降級爲異步複製 MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%'; +------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------------------+-------+ | rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | ON | | rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 5000 | | rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 | | rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON | +------------------------------------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'copy'@'172.16.116.232' identified by 'passwd'; //授權 Query OK, 0 rows affected (5.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; //查看二進制日誌的事件位置 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 419 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
slave：
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf relay_log=relay-log server_id=11 innodb_file_per_table=1 skip_name_resolve=1 rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1 //開啓半同步複製 ； 配置完成重啓mariadb服務 MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%'; +---------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-------+ | rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | ON | | rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 | +---------------------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.116.231',master_user='copy',master_password='passwd',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=419; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;//啓動複製線程，看到上圖顯示Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients=1 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.116.231 Master_User: copy Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 419 Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 529 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 419 Relay_Log_Space: 817 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
測試過程如下~~~
master上創建新的數據庫；創建test1的時候很快的速度就完成了；在創建test2之前，關閉slave的io_thread，可以看到創建test2會有延遲，到達設定的值5m的時候（rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=5000）纔會創建完成；但是再創建test3的時候會很快完成，說明確實降級爲異步複製了 MariaDB [(none)]> create database test1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) //在slave上執行 stop slave io_thread; MariaDB [(none)]> create database test2; Query OK, 1 row affected (5.00 sec) //看到延遲爲5m MariaDB [(none)]> create database test3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%'; +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 0 | //客戶端爲0 | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 17088 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 85444 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 5 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 3 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 4 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | OFF | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 697 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 1394 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 2 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 2 | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ 14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.4、基於ssl實現主從複製
mariadb數據複製是明文的，爲了加強數據內容安全性，基於ssl實現對複製內容的加密。
實現過程：
2.4.1、創建CA，並自簽證書
# echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial # touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt # (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 2048) # openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3650 Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:mariadb Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:it Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:CA Email Address []:[email protected] //爲主服務器（172.16.116.231）頒發證書 #openssl ca -in master.csr -out master.crt -days 365 //爲從服務器（172.16.116.232）頒發證書； #openssl ca -in slave.csr -out slave.crt -days 365
2.4.2、主服務器（172.16.116.231）申請證書；
# hostname master [root@master ~]# mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl [root@master ~]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/mysql/ssl/master.key 2048) Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus .....................................................................+++ ...................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@master ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/mysql/ssl/master.key -out /etc/mysql/ssl/master.csr Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:mariadb Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:it Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:master Email Address []:[email protected] Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []:
2.4.3、爲從服務器（172.16.116.232）頒發證書；
# hostname slave [root@slave ~]# mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl [root@slave ~]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key 2048) Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus .+++ ...+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@slave ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key -out /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.csr Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:mariadb Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:it Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:slave Email Address []:[email protected] Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []:
2.4.4、修改CA證書權限及mysql的配置文件；將CA證書的公鑰cacert.pem複製到主從服務器中
master
[root@master ~]# cp cacert.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/ [root@master ~]# cd /etc/mysql/ssl/ [root@master ssl]# chown -R mysql.mysql ./* [root@master ssl]# chmod 600 ./* [root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf log_bin=mysql-log server_id=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 skip_name_resolve=1 ssl ssl_ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem ssl_cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/master.crt ssl_key=/etc/mysql/ssl/master.key
slave
[root@slave ~]# cp cacert.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/ [root@slave ~]# cd /etc/mysql/ssl/ [root@slave ssl]# chown -R mysql.mysql ./* [root@slave ssl]# chmod 600 ./* [root@slave ssl]# ll total 16 -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1367 Nov 7 20:19 cacert.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 4544 Nov 7 20:17 slave.crt -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Nov 7 20:14 slave.key [root@slave ssl]# vim /etc/my.cnf relay_log=relay-log server_id=11 innodb_file_per_table=1 skip_name_resolve=1 ssl ssl_ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem ssl_cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt ssl_key=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key
2.4.5、啓動mysql服務；授權用戶；測試複製是否加密
master
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%ssl%'; +---------------+------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+------------------------------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | ssl_ca | /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | /etc/mysql/ssl/master.crt | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | /etc/mysql/ssl/master.key | +---------------+------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'copy'@'172.16.116.232' identified by 'passwd' require ssl; //授權 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-log.000003 | 506 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 測試~~~ MariaDB [(none)]> create database testdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-log.000003 | 779 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
slave
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%ssl%'; +---------------+---------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+---------------------------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | ssl_ca | /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key | +---------------+---------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.116.231',master_user='copy',master_password='sql-log.000003',master_log_pos=506,master_ssl=1,master_ssl_ca='/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem',master_ssl.crt',master_ssl_key='/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.116.231',master_user='copy',master_password='sql-log.000003',master_log_pos=506,master_ssl=1,master_ssl_ca='/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem',master_ssl.crt',master_ssl_key='/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.116.231 Master_User: copy Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-log.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 506 Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 529 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-log.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes //準備就緒 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //準備就緒 Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 506 Relay_Log_Space: 817 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //查看測試的結果；複製成功！~~ MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | testdb | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.116.231 Master_User: copy Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-log.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 779 //複製的位置是779 Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 802 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-log.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 779 Relay_Log_Space: 1090 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
至此，MariaDB數據庫的複製的幾種模型介紹完畢！ O(∩_∩)O 謝謝~~~