文件系統目錄
- /bin = BINaries
- /sbin = Superuser BINaries
- /sys=SYStem
- /proc = PROCesses
- /var = VARiable
- /usr = Unix Shared Resources
- /opt=OPTional application software packages
- /etc = ETCetera
- /mnt=MouNT
- /dev = DEVices
- /lib = LIBrary
- /srv=SeRVice
- /tmp = TeMPorary
命令選項
- ls：List files
- man: Manual
- cat: Concatenate
- su：Switch user
- tar：Tape archive
- cd：Change directory
- bash = Bourne Again SHell
- umount: Unmount
- apt：Advanced package tool
- dpkg：Debian package manager
- chown: Change owner
- chgrp: Change group
- chmod: Change mode
- chsh = CHange SHell
- cp: Copy file
- ln: Link files
- mv: Move file
- rm: Remove file
- mkdir：Make directory
- rmdir：Remove directory
- mkfs: Make file system
- fsck：File system check
- lsmod: List modules
- insmod：Install module
- rmmod：Remove module
- fg: Foreground
- bg: Background
- df: Disk free
- du: Disk usage
- 如果首字母后爲“h”，通常保留
- zsh Z SHell
- ksh Korn SHell
- ssh Secure SHell
- 遞歸縮寫
- GNU GNU's Not Unix
- PNG PNG's Not GIF
- nano Nano's ANOther editor
- WINE WINE Is Not an Emulator
- PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
- 如果某種縮寫比較深入人心，例如“mesg”代表“message”，在新的複合縮寫中，將沿用這種縮寫方式
- dmesg Diagnostic MESsaGe
- sed Stream EDitor
- stty Set TTY
- fstab FileSystem TABle
- passwd PASSWorD
- 有些縮寫中，第一個字母“g”，代表“GNU”
- awk Aho Weiberger and Kernighan
- gawk GNU AWK
- gpg GNU Privacy Guard
- grep GNU Regular Expression Print
- egrep Extended GREP
| 參照表 |
- apache = "a patchy" server
- ar = archiver
- as = assembler
- awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三個作者的姓的第一個字母
- bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
- biff = 作者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely養的一條狗,喜歡對郵遞員汪汪叫。
- cal = CALendar
- cmp = compare
- cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
- comm = common
- cpio = CoPy In and Out
- cpp = C Pre Processor
- cron = Chronos 希臘文時間
- cups = Common Unix Printing System
- cvs = Current Version System
- daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
- dc = Desk Calculator
- dd = Disk Dump
- df = Disk Free
- diff = DIFFerence
- dmesg = diagnostic message
- du = Disk Usage
- ed = editor
- egrep = Extended GREP
- elf = Extensible Linking Format
- elm = ELectronic Mail
- emacs = Editor MACroS
- eval = EVALuate
- ex = EXtended
- exec = EXECute
- fd = file descriptors
- fg = ForeGround
- fgrep = Fixed GREP
- fmt = format
- fsck = File System ChecK
- fstab = FileSystem TABle
- fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
- gawk = GNU AWK
- gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
- groff = GNU troff
- hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
- joe = Joe's Own Editor
- ksh = Korn SHell
- lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
- ldd：List dynamic dependencies
- lex = LEXical analyser
- lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
- ln = LiNk
- lpr = Line PRint
- ls = list
- lsof = LiSt Open Files
- m4 = Macro processor Version 4
- man = MANual pages
- mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
- mc = Midnight Commander
- mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
- mknod = MaKe NODe
- motd = Message of The Day
- mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
- mtab = Mount TABle
- mv = MoVe
- nano = Nano's ANOther editor
- nawk = New AWK
- nl = Number of Lines
- nm = names
- nohup = No HangUP
- nroff = New ROFF
- od = Octal Dump
- passwd = PASSWorD
- pg = pager
- pwd：Print working directory
- ps：Process Status
- pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
- pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
- ping = 擬聲 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper
- pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
- popd = POP Directory
- pr = pre
- printf = PRINT Formatted
- ps = Processes Status
- pty = pseudo tty
- pushd = PUSH Directory
- pwd = Print Working Directory
- rc = runcom = run command, rc還是plan9的shell
- rev = REVerse
- rm = ReMove
- rn = Read News
- roff = RunOFF
- rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
- rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote
- rxvt = ouR XVT
- seamoneky = 我
- sed = Stream EDitor
- seq = SEQuence
- shar = SHell ARchive
- slrn = S-Lang rn
- ssh = Secure SHell
- ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
- stty = Set TTY
- su = Substitute User
- svn = SubVersioN
- tar = Tape ARchive
- tcsh = TENEX C shell
- tee = T (T形水管接口)
- telnet = TEminaL over Network
- termcap = terminal capability
- terminfo = terminal information
- tex = τχνη的縮寫，希臘文art
- tr = traslate
- troff = Typesetter new ROFF
- tsort = Topological SORT
- tty = TeleTypewriter
- twm = Tom's Window Manager
- tz = TimeZone
- udev = Userspace DEV
- ulimit = User's LIMIT
- umask = User's MASK
- uname: Unix name
- uniq = UNIQue
- vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
- vim = Vi IMproved
- wall = write all
- wc = Word Count
- wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
- xargs = eXtended ARGuments
- xdm = X Display Manager
- xlfd = X Logical Font Description
- xmms = X Multimedia System
- xrdb = X Resources DataBase
- xwd = X Window Dump
- yacc = yet another compiler compiler
命令參數
- -a
- all : 全部，所有 (ls , lsattr , uname)
- archive : 存檔 (cp , rsync)
- append : 附加 (tar -A , 7z)
- -b
- blocksize : 塊大小，帶參數 (du , df)
- batch : 批處理模式 (交互模式的程序通常擁有此選項，如 top -b)
- -c
- commands : 執行命令，帶參數 (bash , ksh , python)
- create : 創建 (tar)
- -d
- debug : 調試
- delete : 刪除
- directory : 目錄 (ls)
- -e
- execute : 執行，帶參數 (xterm , perl)
- edit : 編輯
- exclude : 排除
- -f
- force : 強制，不經確認(cp , rm ,mv)
- file : 文件，帶參數 (tar)
- configuration file : 指定配置文件(有些守護進程擁有此選項，如 ssh , lighttpd)
- -g
- -h
- --help : 幫助
- human readable : 人性化顯示(ls , du , df)
- headers : 頭部
- -i
- interactive : 交互模式，提示(rm , mv)
- include : 包含
- -k
- keep : 保留
- kill
- -l
- long listing format : 長格式(ls)
- list : 列表
- load : 讀取 (gcc , emacs)
- -m
- message : 消息 (cvs)
- manual : 手冊 (whereis)
- create home : 創建 home 目錄 (usermod , useradd)
- -n
- number : 行號、編號 (cat , head , tail , pstree , lspci)
- no : (useradd , make)
- -o
- output : 輸出 (cc , sort)
- options : 選項 (mount)
- -p
- port : 端口，帶參數 (很多網絡工具擁有此選項，如 ssh , lftp )
- protocol : 協議，帶參數
- passwd : 密碼，帶參數
- -q
- quiet : 靜默
- -r
- reverse : 反轉
- recursive : 遞歸 (cp , rm , chmod -R)
- -s
- silent : 安靜
- size : 大小，帶參數
- subject
- -t
- tag
- type : 類型 (mount)
- -u
- user : 用戶名、UID，帶參數
- -v
- verbose : 冗長
- version : 版本
- -w
- width : 寬度
- warning : 警告
- -x
- exclude : 排除 (tar , zip)
- -y
- yes
- -z
- zip : 啓用壓縮 (bzip , tar , zcat , zip , cvs)