linux下搭建SVN服務器完全手冊

系統環境
        RHEL5.4最小化安裝(關iptables,關selinux) + ssh + yum

一，安裝必須的軟件包.
        yum install subversion (SVN服務器)
                    mysql-server (用於codestriker)
                    httpd mod_dav_svn mod_perl (用於支持WEB方式管理SVN服務器)
                    sendmail (用於配置用戶提交代碼後發郵件提醒)
                    wget gcc-c++ make unzip perl* (必備軟件包)
                    ntsysv vim-enhanced (可選)

二，基本的SVN服務器配置
        1，新建一個目錄用於存儲SVN所有文件
                # mkdir /home/svn

        2，新建一個版本倉庫
                # svnadmin create /home/svn/project

        3，初始化版本倉庫中的目錄
                # mkdir project project/server project/client project/test (建立臨時目錄)
                # svn import project/ file:///home/svn/project -m "初始化SVN目錄"
                # rm -rf project (刪除臨時建立的目錄)

        4，添加用戶
                要添加SVN用戶非常簡單，只需在/home/svn/project/conf/passwd文件添加一個形如“username=password"的條目就可以了.爲了測試，我添加了如下內容:
                [users]
                # harry = harryssecret
                # sally = sallyssecret
                pm = pm_pw
                server_group = server_pw
                client_group = client_pw
                test_group = test_pw

        5，修改用戶訪問策略
                /home/svn/project/conf/authz記錄用戶的訪問策略，以下是參考:
                        [groups]
                        project_p = pm
                        project_s = server_group
                        project_c = client_group
                        project_t = test_group
                        
                        [project:/]
                        @project_p = rw
                        * =
                       
                        [project:/server]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_s = rw
                        * =
                       
                        [project:/client]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_c = rw
                        * =
                       
                        [project:/doc]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_s = rw
                        @project_c = rw
                        @project_t = rw
                        * =
                以上信息表示，只有pm有根目錄的讀寫權，server_group能訪問server目錄，client_group能訪問client目錄，所有人都可以訪問doc目錄.

        6，修改svnserve.conf文件,讓用戶和策略配置升效.
                svnserve.conf內容如下:
                        [general]
                        anon-access = none
                        auth-access = write
                        password-db = /home/svn/project/conf/passwd
                        authz-db = /home/svn/project/conf/authz

        7，啓動服務器
                # svnserve -d -r /home/svn

        8，測試服務器
                # svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                Authentication realm: <svn://192.168.60.10:3690> 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Password for 'root':
                Authentication realm: <svn://192.168.60.10:3690> 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Username: server_group
                Password for 'server_group':
                svn: Authorization failed ( server_group沒用根目錄的訪問權 )

                # svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                Authentication realm: <svn://192.168.60.10:3690> 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Password for 'root':
                Authentication realm: <svn://192.168.60.10:3690> 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Username: pm
                Password for 'pm':
                A    project/test
                A    project/server
                A    project/client
                Checked out revision 1.  ( 測試提取成功 )

                # cd project/server
                # vim main.c
                # svn add main.c
                # svn commit main.c -m "測試一下我的C程序,看什麼看,不行啊??"
                Adding         main.c
                Transmitting file data .
                Committed revision 2.  ( 測試提交成功 )

三，配置SVN服務器的HTTP支持
        1，轉換SVN服務器的密碼
                由於SVN服務器的密碼是明文的，HTTP服務器不與支持，所以需要轉換成HTTP支持的格式。我寫了一個Perl腳本完成這個工作.
                腳本內容如下:
                # cd /home/svn/project/conf/
                # cat PtoWP.pl
                #!/usr/bin/perl
                # write by huabo, 2009-11-20
               
                use warnings;
                use strict;
               
                #open the svn passwd file
                open (FILE, "passwd") or die ("Cannot open the passwd file!!!\n");
               
                #clear the apache passwd file
                open (OUT_FILE, ">webpasswd") or die ("Cannot open the webpasswd file!!!\n");
                close (OUT_FILE);
               
                #begin
                foreach (<FILE>) {
                    if($_ =~ m/^[^#].*=/) {
                        $_ =~ s/=//;
                        `htpasswd -b webpasswd $_`;
                    }
                }

                # ./PtoWP.pl ( 先給該腳本加可執行權限，然後執行以轉換密碼 )
                Adding password for user pm
                Adding password for user server_group
                Adding password for user client_group
                Adding password for user test_group
                現在目錄下會多一個webpasswd文件。

        2，修改httpd.conf，添加關於SVN服務器的內容
                編輯/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf，在最後添加如下信息:
                <Location /project>
                    DAV svn
                    SVNPath /home/svn/project/
                    AuthType Basic
                    AuthName "svn for project"
                    AuthUserFile /home/svn/project/conf/webpasswd
                    AuthzSVNAccessFile /home/svn/project/conf/authz
                    Satisfy all
                    Require valid-user
                </Location>

        3，啓動HTTPD服務器
                # service httpd restart
                Stopping httpd:                                            [FAILED]
                Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

        4，用瀏覽器訪問http://192.168.60.10/project/server/測試
                測試結果如下圖所示：

                ( 測試成功 )

四，配置郵件提醒支持
        1，安裝Perl模塊Module::Build
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DA/DAGOLDEN/Module-Build-0.36_11.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Module-Build-0.36_11.tar.gz
                # cd Module-Build-0.36_11
                # perl Build.PL
                # ./Build
                # ./Build test
                # ./Build install
                # cd ..

        2，安裝Perl模塊Authen::SASL
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GB/GBARR/Authen-SASL-2.15.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Authen-SASL-2.15.tar.gz
                # cd Authen-SASL-2.15
                # perl Makefile.PL
                # make test
                # make install
                # cd ..

        3，安裝Perl模塊Net::SMTP_auth
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AP/APLEINER/Net-SMTP_auth-0.08.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Net-SMTP_auth-0.08.tar.gz
                # cd Net-SMTP_auth-0.08
                # perl Makefile.PL
                # make test
                # make install
                # cd ..

        4，安裝Perl模塊SVN::Notify
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DW/DWHEELER/SVN-Notify-2.80.tar.gz
                # tar xvf SVN-Notify-2.80.tar.gz
                # cd SVN-Notify-2.80
                # perl Build.PL
                # ./Build
                # ./Build test
                # ./Build install
                # cd ..

        5，啓動郵件服務器
                # service sendmail restart
                Shutting down sendmail:                                    [FAILED]
                Starting sendmail:                                         [  OK  ]
                Starting sm-client:                                        [  OK  ]

        6，配置自動發郵件腳本
                修改post-commit腳本,以支持郵件通知功能.
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim post-commit
                內容如下:
                #!/bin/sh
                REPOS="$1"
                REV="$2"
               
                /usr/bin/svnnotify --repos-path "$1" --revision "$2" --to [email protected] --from [email protected] --handler "HTML::ColorDiff"  --with-diff --smtp localhost --smtp-user root --smtp-pass 5201314318 -c "UTF-8" -g zh_CN -o raw --svnlook /usr/bin/svnlook --subject-prefix '[SVN Update]'
                (to參數代表接收郵件的地址，可以有多個，當你有多個老大的時候，這就很重要了，：）。from參數是虛擬的，代表你的發送地址，一般情況下，這個參數 不重要，但如果接收者的郵件服務器有反垃圾郵件的功能，需要判定源地址的話，這個參數是否合法就顯得很重要了)
                再給該腳本添加可執行權限
                # chmod +x post-commit

        7，再次提交時，就會給指定郵件地址發信了。
                如下圖所示:

五，其它常用配置
        1，強制寫log腳本
                配置pre-commit文件，要求用戶每次更新文件都必須寫log.
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim pre-commit
                文件內容如下:
                #!/bin/sh
                REPOS="$1"
                TXN="$2"
                SVNLOOK=/usr/bin/svnlook
                LOGMSG=`$SVNLOOK log -t "$TXN" "$REPOS" | grep "[a-zA-Z0-9]" | wc -c`
                if [ "$LOGMSG" -lt 5(要求的log長度，依實際需要修改) ];
                then
                 echo -e "\nEmpty log message not allowed. Commit aborted!" 1>&2
                 exit 1
                fi

                配置完成後，給本件加上可執行權限。再提交代碼時，就必須按要求寫註釋了，：）

        2，可修改log腳本
                配置pre-revprop-change文件，此文件在show log中修改log時會運行，得到修改的權限，否則會報錯:DAV request failed; it's possible that the repository's pre-revprop-change hook either failed or is non-existent. At least one property change failed; repository is unchanged
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim pre-revprop-change
                文件內容如下:
                REPOS="$1"
                REV="$2"
                USER="$3"
                PROPNAME="$4"
                if ["$PROPNAME" = "svn:log"];then exit 0;fi
                exit 1

                配置完後加可執行權限升效。

六，備份管理
        svn服務器的定期備份是很重要的，最簡單的方式是定時備份倉庫目錄。
        1，新建備份目錄
                # mkdir /opt/project_backup

        2，編寫備份腳本
                # cd /home/svn/
                # vim project_backup.sh

                內容如下:
                #!/bin/bash
                #write by huabo, 2009-11-20
               
                cd /home/svn
                now=`/bin/date +%Y%m%d`
                /bin/tar czvf "project_backup_$now.tar.gz" project/ && rm -rf /opt/project_backup/* && /bin/mv project_backup_*.tar.gz /opt/project_backup/
                if [ $? == 0 ]
                then
                    result="OK!!"
                else
                    result="False!!"
                fi
               
                #send mail to administrator
                /bin/mail [email protected] -s "project_backup_$now" <<MESSAGE
                Result: `/bin/echo $result`
                MESSAGE

                給該腳本添加可執行權限。

        3，設定每天定時執行該腳本.
                # crontab -e
                輸入如下內容:
                0 23 * * * /home/svn/project_backup.sh
                表示每天晚上23點運行此腳本。

        經過以上三步操作，就可以自動備份SVN資料了，且不論備份是否成功，都會給用戶發送郵件信息。

七，用svnstat分析SVN數據.
        1，安裝JAVA
        svnstat是JAVA應用程序，需要先安裝JAVA環境。
        下載jre，URL: http://javadl.sun.com/webapps/download/AutoDL?BundleId=39484
        安裝:
                # chmod +x jre-6u20-linux-i586-rpm.bin
                # ./jre-6u20-linux-i586-rpm.bin

        2，下載svnstat
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/svnstat/svnstat/Release-1.0/SvnStat-1.0.zip?use_mirror=jaist
                # unzip SvnStat-1.0.zip

        3，更新代碼
                # pwd
                /root

                # svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                A    project/test
                A    project/server
                A    project/server/main.c
                A    project/client
                Checked out revision 5.

        4，生成svnstat數據
                # svn log project -v --xml --non-interactive > project.log
                # cd SvnStat-1.0
                # java -classpath SvnStat-all.jar de.agentlab.svnstat.SvnStat -jar SvnStat-all.jar -r /root/project.log -d /var/www/html/

        5，用瀏覽器登錄即可看到許多統計出來的圖表。大致如下圖所示：

(俺的測試代碼很少，生成的圖不成樣子，拿官方的圖來充當一下，：）)

八，用statsvn分析SVN數據
        1，下載statsvn
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/statsvn/statsvn/0.7.0/statsvn-0.7.0.zip?use_mirror=jaist
                # unzip statsvn-0.7.0.zip
                # cd statsvn-0.7.0

        2，生成statsvn數據
                # mkdir /var/www/html/statsvn
                # java -jar statsvn.jar -verbose -output-dir /var/www/html/statsvn/ /root/project.log /root/project

        3，用瀏覽器測測試效果如下圖：

九，配置codestriker.
        1.安裝codestriker依賴的perl包.
                # perl -MCPAN -e 'install "Template"'
       
        2.下載codestriker
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/codestriker/codestriker/1.9.10/codestriker-1.9.10.tar.gz?use_mirror=jaist&ts=1279246587
                # mkdir /var/www/codestriker
                # cd /var/www/codestriker
                # tar xvf /path/codestriker-1.9.10.tar.gz
                # chown -R apache.apache codestriker-1.9.10
               
        3.配置數據庫
                # service mysqld restart
                # mysql -uroot mysql
                    執行:
                        CREATE DATABASE codestrikerdb CHARACTER SET utf8;
                        GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,INDEX,ALTER,CREATE,DROP,REFERENCES ON codestrikerdb.* TO codestriker@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'cspasswd';
                        FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
                        quit
       
        4.配置codestriker
                # cd codestriker-1.9.10/
                # vim codestriker.conf
                    注意以下幾點(詳細可查看codestriker的安裝文檔)
                    a.數據庫的用戶名密碼要配對
                    b.svn的數據倉庫要配對，我的如下：
                         @valid_repositories =
                             (
                              'svn:file:///home/svn/project',
                             )
       
        5.執行codestriker的安裝腳本
                # cd bin/
                # ./install.pl
       
        6.配置http支持
                # vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
                    在最後面加上如下內容:
                        Alias /codestriker/  /var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/cgi-bin/
                        Alias /codestrikerhtml/  /var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/html/
                       
                        <Directory "/var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/cgi-bin/">
                           SetHandler perl-script
                           PerlHandler ModPerl::Registry
                           Options +ExecCGI
                        </Directory>
                       
                        <Directory "/var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/html/">
                           AllowOverride None
                           Allow from all
                        </Directory>
       
        7.重啓HTTP服務器
                # service httpd restart
       
        8.在瀏覽器中輸入http://192.168.60.10/codestriker/codestriker.pl即可訪問，如下圖：

十，總結
                總結個CC。