Java 比較器Comparator和Comparable的使用和區別

一、參考

1、【java】Comparator的用法
2、Java 中 Comparable 和 Comparator 比較

二、知識點

1、使用場景:排序、分組
2、使用方法:

  2.1 、Arrays.sort(T[],Comparator<? super T> c);
  2.2、 Collections.sort(List<T> list,Comparator<? super T> c);

3、區別:

  3.1 、Comparator相當於給一個數組或列表新增一種比較方式
  3.2 、Comparable是接口需要被類繼承的,相當於本身這個數組或者列表及類就有這種比較方式。後面有詳細是有案例

三、案例

1、OrderBean訂單類

 1.1、繼承了Comparable這個藉口,有個簡單的比較,升序的

//訂單
public class OrderBean implements Comparable<OrderBean>{
    private int id;         //id
    private String cdate;   //創建時間
    private String product; //產品名稱
    private int weight;     //重量
    private long price;     //價格
    
    public OrderBean(int id, String cdate, String product, int weight, long price) {
        this.id = id;
        this.cdate = cdate;
        this.product = product;
        this.weight = weight;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getCdate() {
        return cdate;
    }

    public void setCdate(String cdate) {
        this.cdate = cdate;
    }

    public String getProduct() {
        return product;
    }

    public void setProduct(String product) {
        this.product = product;
    }

    public int getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(int weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public long getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(long price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "\nOrder_"+id+": ["
                + "cdate="+cdate+", "
                + "product="+product+", "
                + "weight="+weight+" KG, "
                + "price="+price+" RMB, "
                + "]";
    }

    /**
     * 按照weight升序
     * sort的話默認調用
     * */
    public int compareTo(OrderBean o) {
        return weight - o.getWeight();
    }
}
2、Comparable接口使用

 2.1、如果bean類繼承Comparable接口,那麼它的集合使用Collections.sort(list);可以默認調用bean類中複寫的compareTo這個方法,進行排序
 2.2、也可以使用compareTo單獨比較兩個類

private void testComparable() {
        System.out.println("\n\n testComparable()>>>");
        OrderBean order1 = new OrderBean(1,"2018-01-01","牛肉",10,300);
        OrderBean order2 = new OrderBean(5,"2018-01-01","怪獸肉",80,400);
        OrderBean order3 = new OrderBean(2,"2018-02-01","牛肉",100,300);
        OrderBean order4 = new OrderBean(9,"2018-03-01","唐僧肉",2,600);
        
        List<OrderBean> list = new ArrayList<OrderBean>();
        list.add(order1);
        list.add(order2);
        list.add(order3);
        list.add(order4);
        
        // weight升序排列
        Collections.sort(list);
        System.out.println("按照訂單的weight升序排列:" + list);
        System.out.println("比較1和3:"+order1.compareTo(order3));
    }
 testComparable()>>>
按照訂單的weight升序排列:[
Order_9: [cdate=2018-03-01, product=唐僧肉, weight=2 KG, price=600 RMB, ], 
Order_1: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=牛肉, weight=10 KG, price=300 RMB, ], 
Order_5: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=怪獸肉, weight=80 KG, price=400 RMB, ], 
Order_2: [cdate=2018-02-01, product=牛肉, weight=100 KG, price=300 RMB, ]]
比較1和3:-90
3、Comparator比較器的使用

 3.1、排序:大於、小於、等於
 3.2、分組:等於、不等於

private void testComparator() {
        System.out.println("\n\n testComparator()>>>");
        OrderBean order1 = new OrderBean(1,"2018-01-01","牛肉",10,300);
        OrderBean order2 = new OrderBean(5,"2018-01-01","怪獸肉",80,400);
        OrderBean order3 = new OrderBean(2,"2018-02-01","牛肉",100,300);
        OrderBean order4 = new OrderBean(9,"2018-03-01","唐僧肉",2,600);
        
        List<OrderBean> list = new ArrayList<OrderBean>();
        list.add(order1);
        list.add(order2);
        list.add(order3);
        list.add(order4);
        
        /**
         * ----------------排列-----------------
         * 大於、小於、等於
         * */
        //id降序排列
        Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<OrderBean>() {
            public int compare(OrderBean o1, OrderBean o2) {
                return o2.getId() - o1.getId();
            }
        });
        System.out.println("按照訂單的id降序排列:"+list);
        
        
        //單價升序排列
        Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<OrderBean>() {
            public int compare(OrderBean o1, OrderBean o2) {
                return (int)(o1.getPrice()/o1.getWeight() - o2.getPrice()/o2.getWeight());
            }
        });
        System.out.println("按照訂單的單價升序排列:"+list);
        System.out.println("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\");
        
        /**
         * ----------------分組-----------------
         * 等於、不等於
         * */
        List<List<OrderBean>> byDate = divider(list,new Comparator<OrderBean>() {
            public int compare(OrderBean o1, OrderBean o2) {
                return o1.getCdate().equals(o2.getCdate()) ? 0:1;
            }
        });
        for(int i=0;i<byDate.size();i++) {
            System.out.println("按照訂單的cdate分組【"+i+"】:"+byDate.get(i));
        }
        
        
    }
testComparator()>>>
按照訂單的id降序排列:[
Order_9: [cdate=2018-03-01, product=唐僧肉, weight=2 KG, price=600 RMB, ], 
Order_5: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=怪獸肉, weight=80 KG, price=400 RMB, ], 
Order_2: [cdate=2018-02-01, product=牛肉, weight=100 KG, price=300 RMB, ], 
Order_1: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=牛肉, weight=10 KG, price=300 RMB, ]]
按照訂單的單價升序排列:[
Order_2: [cdate=2018-02-01, product=牛肉, weight=100 KG, price=300 RMB, ], 
Order_5: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=怪獸肉, weight=80 KG, price=400 RMB, ], 
Order_1: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=牛肉, weight=10 KG, price=300 RMB, ], 
Order_9: [cdate=2018-03-01, product=唐僧肉, weight=2 KG, price=600 RMB, ]]
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
按照訂單的cdate分組【0】:[
Order_2: [cdate=2018-02-01, product=牛肉, weight=100 KG, price=300 RMB, ]]
按照訂單的cdate分組【1】:[
Order_5: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=怪獸肉, weight=80 KG, price=400 RMB, ], 
Order_1: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=牛肉, weight=10 KG, price=300 RMB, ]]
按照訂單的cdate分組【2】:[
Order_9: [cdate=2018-03-01, product=唐僧肉, weight=2 KG, price=600 RMB, ]]

分組工具方法

/**
     * @author wujn
     * @Description:按條件分組
     * @param datas
     * @param c
     * 是否爲同一組的判斷標準 0 爲同一組,1爲不同組
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> List<List<T>> divider(Collection<T> datas, Comparator<? super T> c) {
        List<List<T>> result = new ArrayList<List<T>>();
        for (T t : datas) {
            boolean isSameGroup = false;
            for (int j = 0; j < result.size(); j++) {
                if (c.compare(t, result.get(j).get(0)) == 0) {
                    isSameGroup = true;
                    result.get(j).add(t);
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!isSameGroup) {
                // 創建
                List<T> innerList = new ArrayList<T>();
                result.add(innerList);
                innerList.add(t);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
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