centos7 上安裝oracle12

軟件環境：
centos7 帶圖形化界面（安裝過程要用到！）
swap分區至少要在4GB以上，如果沒有，做實驗的時候會報警告，忽略即可

1.root身份安裝依賴包
[root@oracle test]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc+±33 compat-libstdc+±33i686 compat-libstdc+±33.devel compat-libstdc+±33 compat-libstdc+±33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc+±devel libstdc+±devel.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
2. 建立用戶和組
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
echo “123456” | passwd --stdin oracle #這裏設置oracle用戶的登錄密碼，一定要用echo否則不能使用簡單密碼
3.創建安裝目錄
mkdir -p /orcl/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /orcl/app
chmod -R 775 /orcl/app
4.修改內核參數vim /etc/sysctl.conf，添加
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1200000000
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

5.生效修改後的內核參數
[root@oracle ~]# sysctl -p
6.改文件限制：vim /etc/security/limits.conf，添加
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
7.修改linux登錄驗證vim /etc/pam.d/login，添加
session required pam_limits.so
8.修改ulimit：vim /etc/profile，添加
if [ $USER = “oracle” ]; then
if [ $SHELL = “/bin/ksh” ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536a
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
9.修改環境變量。vim ~oracle/.bash_profile，添加

ORACLE_BASE=/orcl/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID  
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export PATH

10.用

yum -y remove *openjdk*

把系統自帶的openjdk卸載，再安裝oracle的jdk下載地址:
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

[root@oracle ~]# cd /test/
[root@oracle test]# mkdir -p /usr/local/jdk
[root@oracle test]# chmod 755 -R /usr/local/jdk/
[root@oracle test]# tar xf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/jdk/
[root@oracle test]# vim /etc/profile

在末尾添加

 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jdk1.8.0_181
 export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
 export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
 export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

[root@centos7 jdk1.8.0_181]# source /etc/profile
[root@oracle test]# java -version
java version “1.8.0_181”
Java™ SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)
Java HotSpot™ 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

11.以oracle用戶登錄，開始安裝
cd /test/oracle
unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
mv database/ /orcl/app/oracle/
cd /orcl/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall database/

su oracle
export LANG=“en_US”

cd /orcl/app/oracle/database
./runInstaller

[root@oracle ~]# sh /tmp/CVU_12.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh
All Fix-up operations were completed successfully.#修復操作已完成


[root@oracle ~]# sh /orcl/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@oracle ~]# sh /orcl/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /orcl/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin …
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin …
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin …

Creating /etc/oratab file…
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :
yes
Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).
Log File: /orcl/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/install/root_oracle_2018-11-13_16-07-06-020066984.log

啓動

1.#su - oracle 切換到 oracle 用戶且切換到它的環境
2.$lsnrctl start 啓動監聽
3.$lsnrctl status 查看監聽及數據庫狀態
4.$sqlplus / as sysdba 以 DBA 身份進入 sqlplus
5.SQL>startup 啓動 db

 停止
1.#su - oracle 切換到 oracle 用戶且切換到它的環境
2.$lsnrctl stop 停止監聽
3.$sqlplus / as sysdba 以 DBA 身份進入 sqlplus
4.SQL>shutdown immediate  關閉 db