Kotlin與Java語法對比（首次瞭解）

1. 變量的聲明。

//java
int a;
int a=0;
final a=1;

//kotlin
var a
var a : Int
var a=0
var a : Int =0
val a=1

1. 字符串拼接：

//java
int a=0;
int b=1;
String str="a="+a+",b="+b

//kotlin
var a=0
var b=1
var str:String ="a= $a,b= $b"

1. 函數構建

//java
public int createFunction(int a,String b){
    return a+b;
}

//kotlin “？”表示可以返回空值
fun createFunction(a:int=0,b:String="Hi" )：Int？{
   return a+b
}
fun createFunction(a:Int,b:Int)=a+b

1. 使用循環

//java
String[] strs={"aa","bb","cc","dd"};
for（int i=0;i<a.length;i++）{
    
}
for(String str:strs){

}

//kotlin
 val items = listOf("apple", "banana", "kiwi")
 for (item in items) {
    println(item)
 }
 for (index in items.indices) {
    println("item at $index is ${items[index]}")
 }

1. Kotlin的Win表達式

fun describe(obj: Any): String =
when (obj) {
  1          -> "One"
  "Hello"    -> "Greeting"
  is Long    -> "Long"
  !is String -> "Not a string"
  else       -> "Unknown"
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
  println(describe(1))
  println(describe("Hello"))
  println(describe(1000L))
  println(describe(2))
  println(describe("other"))
}

1. Kotlin的in關鍵字

//判斷變量是否在range之中
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
  val x = 10
  val y = 9
  if (x in 1..y+1) {
      println("fits in range")
  }
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
  val list = listOf("a", "b", "c")
  if (-1 !in 0..list.lastIndex) {
    println("-1 is out of range")
  }
  if (list.size !in list.indices) {
    println("list size is out of valid list indices range too")
  }
}

//在範圍內迭代：
  for (x in 1..5) {
    print(x)
  }
//或者使用步進：
for (x in 1..10 step 2) {
    print(x)
  }
  for (x in 9 downTo 0 step 3) {
    print(x)
  }
//使用 in 操作符檢查集合中是否包含某個對象
val items = setOf("apple", "banana", "kiwi")
when {
    "orange" in items -> println("juicy")
    "apple" in items -> println("apple is fine too")
}