Mac下使用tree命令展示文件樹

背景

在寫代碼文檔的時候，經常會用到展示項目架構，這時候如果可以有命令直接打印出目錄樹那就再好不過了，免的截圖了。

思路

網上找了下，果然是有這種工具的，Mac - tree命令。

Mac默認是沒有tree命令的，需要手工安裝下：

brew install tree

安裝好之後，看下幫助文檔：

$ tree --help
usage: tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFJQNSUX] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ]
    [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version]
    [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst]
    [--charset charset] [--filelimit[=]#] [--si] [--timefmt[=]<f>]
    [--sort[=]<name>] [--matchdirs] [--ignore-case] [--fromfile] [--]
    [<directory list>]
  ------- Listing options -------
  -a            All files are listed.
  -d            List directories only.
  -l            Follow symbolic links like directories.
  -f            Print the full path prefix for each file.
  -x            Stay on current filesystem only.
  -L level      Descend only level directories deep.
  -R            Rerun tree when max dir level reached.
  -P pattern    List only those files that match the pattern given.
  -I pattern    Do not list files that match the given pattern.
  --ignore-case Ignore case when pattern matching.
  --matchdirs   Include directory names in -P pattern matching.
  --noreport    Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing.
  --charset X   Use charset X for terminal/HTML and indentation line output.
  --filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.
  --timefmt <f> Print and format time according to the format <f>.
  -o filename   Output to file instead of stdout.
  ------- File options -------
  -q            Print non-printable characters as '?'.
  -N            Print non-printable characters as is.
  -Q            Quote filenames with double quotes.
  -p            Print the protections for each file.
  -u            Displays file owner or UID number.
  -g            Displays file group owner or GID number.
  -s            Print the size in bytes of each file.
  -h            Print the size in a more human readable way.
  --si          Like -h, but use in SI units (powers of 1000).
  -D            Print the date of last modification or (-c) status change.
  -F            Appends '/', '=', '*', '@', '|' or '>' as per ls -F.
  --inodes      Print inode number of each file.
  --device      Print device ID number to which each file belongs.
  ------- Sorting options -------
  -v            Sort files alphanumerically by version.
  -t            Sort files by last modification time.
  -c            Sort files by last status change time.
  -U            Leave files unsorted.
  -r            Reverse the order of the sort.
  --dirsfirst   List directories before files (-U disables).
  --sort X      Select sort: name,version,size,mtime,ctime.
  ------- Graphics options -------
  -i            Don't print indentation lines.
  -A            Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines.
  -S            Print with CP437 (console) graphics indentation lines.
  -n            Turn colorization off always (-C overrides).
  -C            Turn colorization on always.
  ------- XML/HTML/JSON options -------
  -X            Prints out an XML representation of the tree.
  -J            Prints out an JSON representation of the tree.
  -H baseHREF   Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory.
  -T string     Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string.
  --nolinks     Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output.
  ------- Input options -------
  --fromfile    Reads paths from files (.=stdin)
  ------- Miscellaneous options -------
  --version     Print version and exit.
  --help        Print usage and this help message and exit.
  --            Options processing terminator.

可以添加的參數很多，那麼該用那些呢？

• 在一個python項目中，先只加文件夾名看下：

  $ tree app
  app
  ├── __init__.py
  ├── __pycache__
  │   └── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
  ├── main
  │   ├── __init__.py
  │   ├── __pycache__
  │   │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
  │   │   ├── functions.cpython-37.pyc
  │   │   └── views.cpython-37.pyc
  │   ├── functions.py
  │   └── views.py
  └── module
      ├── __init__.py
      ├── __pycache__
      │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
      │   ├── functions.cpython-37.pyc
      │   └── views.cpython-37.pyc
      ├── functions.py
      └── views.py
  
  5 directories, 14 files

• pyc是編譯的臨時文件，我們要把刪掉，看下說明，可以用-I來：

  $ tree -I *.pyc app
  app
  ├── __init__.py
  ├── __pycache__
  ├── main
  │   ├── __init__.py
  │   ├── __pycache__
  │   ├── functions.py
  │   └── views.py
  └── module
      ├── __init__.py
      ├── __pycache__
      ├── functions.py
      └── views.py
  
  5 directories, 7 files

• __pycache__也是臨時文件，也把刪掉：

  tree -I *.pyc -I __pycache__  app
  app
  ├── __init__.py
  ├── main
  │   ├── __init__.py
  │   ├── functions.py
  │   └── views.py
  └── module
      ├── __init__.py
      ├── functions.py
      └── views.py
  
  2 directories, 7 files

  可以看出-I是可以加多個的，每個-I後面加一個pattern。

  在上面的例子中，其實所有的.pyc文件都在__pychache__文件夾下，可以直接忽略該文件夾即可：

  $ tree -I __pycache__  app
  app
  ├── __init__.py
  ├── main
  │   ├── __init__.py
  │   ├── functions.py
  │   └── views.py
  └── module
      ├── __init__.py
      ├── functions.py
      └── views.py
  
  2 directories, 7 files

• 那麼如果只要文件夾的結構呢？-d參數

  $ tree -d app
  app
  ├── __pycache__
  ├── main
  │   └── __pycache__
  └── module
      └── __pycache__
  
  5 directories

• 忽略__pycache__文件夾：

  $ tree -d -I __pycache__ app
  app
  ├── main
  └── module
  
  2 directories

總結

通過brew安裝tree工具之後，即可在命令行中使用tree命令展示文件文件夾目錄樹：

• 直接加對應的文件夾來展示某文件夾範圍內的文件樹

  $ tree app

• 使用-I參數來忽略不展示的文件或子文件夾，可添加多個-I

  $ tree -I *.pyc -I __pycache__  app

• 使用-d來僅展示文件夾樹

  $ tree -d app

• 多參數可以混合使用

  $ tree -d -I __pycache__ app

• 更多的參數使用，可以在有需要的時候參考--help內容

  $ tree --help