數據庫升級後，數據庫報錯ORA-15025，數據庫無法啓動.
alert日誌信息：
Wed Jul22 16:26:57 2015
ORA-15025:could not open disk "/dev/12casm-diskb"
ORA-27041:unable to open file
Linux-x86_64Error: 13: Permission denied
Additionalinformation: 9
ORA-15040:diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-15040:diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-15040:diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-15040:diskgroup is incomplete
Wed Jul22 16:26:57 2015
ORA-15025:could not open disk "/dev/12casm-diskc"
ORA-27041:unable to open file
Linux-x86_64Error: 13: Permission denied
Additionalinformation: 9
Wed Jul22 16:26:57 2015
ORA-15025:could not open disk "/dev/12casm-diskd"
ORA-27041:unable to open file
Linux-x86_64Error: 13: Permission denied
Additionalinformation: 9
Wed Jul22 16:26:57 2015
ORA-15025:could not open disk "/dev/12casm-diske"
ORA-27041:unable to open file
Linux-x86_64Error: 13: Permission denied
Additionalinformation: 9
NOTE:Disk 0 in group 1 could not be opened.
WARNING:Failed to complete group 1
WARNING:group 1 is being dismounted.
WARNING:ASMB force dismounting group 1 (DATA) due to failed mount
SUCCESS:diskgroup DATA was dismounted
按理來說asm的磁盤文件用戶和組爲grid:asmadmin，oracle用戶是沒有權限訪問的，因爲oracle不屬於asmadmin。
那爲什麼打補丁之前能夠訪問呢？
Cause：
經研究發現，這跟$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle這個文件的屬性有關係：
在安裝oracle soft之後：
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle文件屬性權限爲oracle:oninstall 751(-rwxr-x--x)
在用安裝ASM建庫(DBCA)時：
此文件屬性會自動被修改爲oracle:asmadmin6751(-rwsr-s--x)
在升級之後：
此文件屬性又被自動被修改爲oracle:oinstall751(-rwxr-x--x)
Solution:
chown oracle:asmadmin $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle
chmod 6751 $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle
問題解決！