A manager returned by Manager() will support types list, dict, Namespace, Lock, RLock, Semaphore, BoundedSemaphore, Condition, Event, Queue, Value and Array. For example,
from multiprocessing import Process, Manager
def f(d, l):
d[1] = '1'
d['2'] = 2
d[0.25] = None
l.reverse()
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager = Manager()
d = manager.dict()
l = manager.list(range(10))
p = Process(target=f, args=(d, l))
p.start()
p.join()
print d
print l
will print
{0.25: None, 1: '1', '2': 2}
[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
import multiprocessing
import time
def func(msg):
for i in xrange(3):
print msg
time.sleep(1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=4)
for i in xrange(10):
msg = "hello %d" %(i)
pool.apply_async(func, (msg, ))
pool.close()
pool.join()
print "Sub-process(es) done."
使用Pool,關注結果
import multiprocessing
import time
def func(msg):
for i in xrange(3):
print msg
time.sleep(1)
return "done " + msg
if __name__ == "__main__":
pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=4)
result = []
for i in xrange(10):
msg = "hello %d" %(i)
result.append(pool.apply_async(func, (msg, )))
pool.close()
pool.join()
for res in result:
print res.get()
print "Sub-process(es) done."
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
"""
Author: Squall
Last modified: 2011-10-18 16:50
Filename: pool.py
Description: a simple sample for pool class
"""
from multiprocessing import Pool
from time import sleep
def f(x):
for i in range(10):
print '%s --- %s ' % (i, x)
#sleep(1)
def main():
pool = Pool(processes=3) # set the processes max number 3
for i in range(11,20):
result = pool.apply_async(f, (i,))
pool.close()
pool.join()
if result.successful():
print 'successful'
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
先創建容量爲3的進程池，然後將f(i)依次傳遞給它，運行腳本後利用ps aux | grep pool.py查看進程情況，會發現最多隻會有三個進程執行。pool.apply_async()用來向進程池提交目標請求，pool.join()是用來等待進程池中的worker進程執行完畢，防止主進程在worker進程結束前結束。但必pool.join()必須使用在pool.close()或者pool.terminate()之後。其中close()跟terminate()的區別在於close()會等待池中的worker進程執行結束再關閉pool,而terminate()則是直接關閉。result.successful()表示整個調用執行的狀態，如果還有worker沒有執行完，則會拋出AssertionError異常。