在angularjs中,service是單例的,通常用來與後臺交互數據,需要數據的組件只需要注入某個service即可,service的典型例子:
app.factory('EventService', ['$http', '$q', function($http, $q) { return { getEvents: function() { var deferred = $q.defer(); $http.get('/events.json').success(function(result) { deferred.resolve(result); }).error(function(result) { deferred.reject(result); }); return deferred.promise; } }; }]);
對於$http的請求,將使用$httpBackend服務進行測試並指定模擬返回的數據:
it('should have settings from http request', function() { var result; var expected = { "period": "day", "date": "2015-3-23", }; //setup httpBackend.expectGET('/XXX.json').respond(expected); var promise = settingService.setting(); promise.then(function(data) { result = data; }); httpBackend.flush(); expect(result).toEqual(expected); });
當然 使用$httpBackend(http://docs.angularjs.cn/api/ngMock/service/$httpBackend)服務前需要將它注入,
beforeEach(function() { module('services'); inject(function(SearchSettingService, $httpBackend) { settingService = SearchSettingService; httpBackend = $httpBackend; }); });
$httpBackend提供了很多方便測試的方法,並且很好地支持REST。
httpBackend.expectGET(url).respond(data); httpBackend.expectPOST(url, param).respond(data); httpBackend.expectJSONP(url).respond(data);
還有其他的方法請自行查詢。
還需要解釋的是:httpBackend.flush(); 當執行這行代碼時,angular會調用這個setup(發送請求並攔截該請求),並將返回指定的數據。
在前面的文章裏面我們介紹了Moco(http://hcc0926.blog.51cto.com/172833/1619706), 也可以通過Moco進行打樁測試,配置很簡單。
參考鏈接:
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/10/07/introduction-to-unit-testing-in-angularjs/
http://fdietz.github.io/recipes-with-angular-js/consuming-external-services/testing-services.html
http://andyshora.com/unit-testing-best-practices-angularjs.html
http://nathanleclaire.com/blog/2014/04/12/unit-testing-services-in-angularjs-for-fun-and-for-profit/
http://icodeit.org/2014/01/how-to-test-service-in-angularjs/