簡介
LNMMP=Linux+Nginx+MySQL+Memcache+PHP；
利用Nginx的高性能特點做前端反向代理服務器，分發用戶請求，並在能夠利用緩存的地方使用Memcache緩存服務，以加速緩存效率，具體架構圖如下；
具體部署
代理層：Nginx
編譯安裝Nginx
yum install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel
groupadd -r nginx
useradd -r -g nginx -M nginx
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--with-pcre
make && make install
vi /etc/init.d/nginx # 編輯服務腳本
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac配置Nginx
upstream memcached {
server 172.16.25.111:11211;
keepalive 1024;
}
upstream webserver {
server 172.16.25.112:80;
server 172.16.25.113:80;
}
upstream phpserver {
server 172.16.25.112:9000;
server 172.16.25.113:9000;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/lnmmp.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/lnmmp.errors.log notice;
root /www/lnmmp.com;
index index.php index.html;
location / {
set $memcached_key $request_uri;
add_header X-mem-key $memcached_key;
memcached_pass memcached;
default_type test/html;
error_page 404 500 502 504 = @webnocache;
}
location @webnocache {
rewrite ^(\/)?$ /index.php last; # 配置直接訪問域名或IP地址時，重定向至index.php文件
rewrite ^/.*$ /set_mem.php?$request_uri last; # 將靜態訪問重定向至後端set_mem.php，以實現set memcache的功能
proxy_pass http://webserver;
}
location ~* \.php(\?.*)?$ {
fastcgi_pass phpserver;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}啓動服務
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx chkconfig --add nginx chkconfig nginx on service nginx start
緩存層：Memcache+NFS
安裝配置memcache
# 安裝libevent
tar xf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz
cd libevent-2.0.21
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
make && make install
echo "/usr/local/libevent/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent.conf
ldconfig
# 安裝memcache
tar xf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz
cd memcached-1.4.15
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
make && make install
# 編輯服務腳本 # 一次啓動了2個memcache實例，一個用於Nginx，一個用於後端PHP服務
vi /etc/init.d/memcached
#!/bin/bash
#
# Init file for memcached
#
# chkconfig: - 86 14
# description: Distributed memory caching daemon
#
# processname: memcached
# config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
## Default variables
PORT1="11211"
PORT2="11311"
USER="nobody"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS=""
RETVAL=0
prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"
desc="Distributed memory caching"
lockfile1="/var/lock/subsys/memcached_$PORT1"
lockfile2="/var/lock/subsys/memcached_$PORT2"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): "
daemon $prog -d -p $PORT1 -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS"
daemon $prog -d -p $PORT2 -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS"
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile1 && touch $lockfile2 || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): "
killproc $prog
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile1 && rm -f $lockfile2 | failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): "
killproc $prog -HUP
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
restart
;;
condrestart)
[ -e $lockfile1 ] && [ -e $lockfile1 ] && restart
RETVAL=$?
;;
reload)
reload
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL啓動memcache服務
chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached chkconfig --add memcached chkconfig memcached on service memcached start
安裝配置NFS
yum -y install nfs-utils vi /etc/exports /www/lnmmp.com 172.16.0.0/16(rw,no_root_squash) exportfs -ar # 導出NFS共享目錄 cd /www/lnmmp.com unzip phpwind_v9.0_utf8.zip mv phpwind_v9.0_utf8/upload/* . chmod -R 777 p_w_upload conf data html res src themes windid
Web層：Apache
Apache的安裝見博客“httpd-2.4編譯安裝及新特性詳解”；
PHP-fpm的安裝見博客“LAMP-PHP-fpm服務器配置”；
PHP加速器opcache的安裝配置見博客“LAMP-各PHP加速器性能剖析”；
配置PHP支持memcache
tar xf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache
make && make install
# 上述安裝完後會有類似這樣的提示：
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
vi /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini # 配置memcache模塊位置及php會話保存至memcache中
extension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/memcache.so
session.save_handler = memcache
session.save_path = "tcp://172.16.25.111:11311"
# 自定義set memcache的程序
vi /www/lnmmp.com/set_mem.php
<?php
$fn = dirname(__FILE__).$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
if (file_exists($fn)) {
$data = file_get_contents($fn);
$mem = new Memcache();
$mem->connect("172.16.25.111",11311) or die("Could not connect");
$mem->set($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'],$data,0,600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");
header('Content-Length: '.filesize($fn)."\r\n");
header('Content-Type: text/html'."\r\n");
header('X-cache: MISS'."\r\n");
print "$data";
} else {
header('Location: http://xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com'."\r\n");
header('Content-Length: '.filesize($fn)."\r\n");
header('X-cache: '.$fn."\r\n");
}
?>Apache配置
vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
# DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs" # 註釋掉此行
Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # 取消此行註釋
vi /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/www/lnmmp.com"
ServerName xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com
ErrorLog "logs/lnmmp.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/lnmmp.com-access_log"common
<Directory "/www/lnmmp.com">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>NFS目錄掛載
mount -t nfs 172.16.25.111:/www/lnmmp.com /www/lnmmp.com
服務啓動
service httpd start service php-fpm start
數據庫層：Ameoba+MariaDB
MariaDB的安裝詳見博客“MySQL初識-架構-安裝-初始化-連接-管理工具-數據文件”；
MariaDB的主從複製架構配置見博客“Maria10實現主從複製架構及SSL複製”；
Ameoba安裝見“http://docs.hexnova.com/amoeba/index.html”；
Ameoba實現讀寫分離見“http://docs.hexnova.com/amoeba/rw-splitting.html”
測試驗證
Nginx利用memcache緩存小靜態文件測試效果
Nginx利用memcache緩存大靜態文件測試效果
PHP利用memcache保存session數據測試效果
