安裝、升級pip，但是python -m pip install --upgrade pip報錯的解決辦法。

         一般我們在安裝或者調用pip庫的時候，會告訴你pip版本較低，需要你升級，比如我的本機是如下。

     一、    我是直接cd到我pip目錄文件下查看版本：

E:\Program Files (x86)\python\Scripts>pip show pip
Name: pip
Version: 10.0.1
Summary: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages.
Home-page: https://pip.pypa.io/
Author: The pip developers
Author-email: [email protected]
License: MIT
Location: e:\program files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages
Requires:
Required-by:
You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 19.0.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

        特別是Required-by:以及命令窗中黃色的字，

        提示我可用的有19.0.3的版本可用，說明我的pip版本太低了，需要升級。

    二、在命令窗中我按照要求，進行升級，敲入‘python -m pip install --upgrade pip’，但是提示我安裝失敗。

E:\Program Files (x86)\python\Scripts>python -m pip install --upgrade pip
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /simple/pip/
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
    99% |███████████████████████████████▊| 1.3MB 74kB/s eta 0:00:01Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\basecommand.py", line 228, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 291, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 103, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 257, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 210, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    self.require_hashes
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 310, in prepare_linked_requirement
    progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 837, in unpack_url
    progress_bar=progress_bar
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 674, in unpack_http_url
    progress_bar)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 898, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 618, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\hashes.py", line 48, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 586, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\ui.py", line 159, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 575, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 436, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 401, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\contextlib.py", line 35, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 316, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 19.0.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

      這個時候我看到，檢查升級不能覆蓋，這個時候可以去到你的安裝目錄，找到site-packages文件夾，把原來的pip-10.0.1.dist-info這個消息目錄刪除，（經過詢問，很多同學的安裝不成功都是和這個目錄有關係）。下圖我是刪除後重新升級並自動升級的目錄。

 

   三、 再次運行python -m pip install --upgrade pip 後升級成功，之前不能安裝的包也能安裝了！

     

         是不是很開心？！

 

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