k8s集羣部署

1、環境規劃

2、安裝Docker

3、自籤TLS證書

4、部署Etcd集羣

5、部署Flannel網絡

6、創建Node節點kubeconfig文件

7、獲取K8S二進制包

8、運行Master組件

9、運行Node組件

10、查詢集羣狀態

11、啓動一個測試示例

12、部署Web UI (Dashboard)

**1.環境規劃**

角色                  IP  組件

master        192.168.200.101       kube-apiserver

      kube-controller-manager

      kube-scheduler

      etcd

node01    192.168.200.102         kubelet

      kube-proxy

      docker

      flannel

      etcd

node02   192.168.200.103           kubelet

      kube-proxy

      docker

      flannel

      etcd

2.安裝docker

在master/node01/node02操作：

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install docker-ce
cat <<EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json
{ "registry-mirrors": [ "https://registry.docker-cn.com"],"insecure-registries":["192.168.200.101:5000"] } 
EOF
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

3.自籤TLS證書

組件 使用的證書

etcd ca.pem，server.pem，server-key.pem

flannel         ca.pem，server.pem，server-key.pem

kube-apiserver ca.pem，server.pem，server-key.pem

kubelet         ca.pem，ca-key.pem

kube-proxy ca.pem，kube-proxy.pem，kube-proxy-key.pem

kubectl         ca.pem，admin.pem，admin-key.pem

master操作：

安裝證書生成工具 cfssl ：

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

生成證書

使用腳本生成：cat certificate.sh 

cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
          "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
#-----------------------
cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.200.101",
      "192.168.200.102",
      "192.168.200.103",
      "10.10.10.1",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
#-----------------------
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
#-----------------------
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

執行腳本：

sh certificate.sh

腳本執行成功會生成一批證書，創建ssl目錄存放生成的證書

mkdir -p /root/ssl

移動所有證書至/root/ssl

4.部署etcd集羣

master操作：

創建kubernets目錄：

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl}

上傳etcd源碼包etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar xf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64

移動etcd命令到kubernets工作目錄bin下

cp etcd etcdctl /opt/kubernetes/bin/

移動etcd所需要的證書到kubernets工作目錄ssl下

cp /root/ssl/ca*pem /root/ssl/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

使用腳本生成配置文件並啓動：cat etcd.sh

#!/bin/bash
ETCD_NAME=${1:-"etcd01"}
ETCD_IP=${2:-"127.0.0.1"}
ETCD_CLUSTER=${3:-"etcd01=http://127.0.0.1:2379"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="${ETCD_NAME}"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://${ETCD_IP}:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://${ETCD_IP}:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://${ETCD_IP}:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://${ETCD_IP}:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="${ETCD_CLUSTER}"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/etcd \\
--name=\${ETCD_NAME} \\
--data-dir=\${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \\
--listen-peer-urls=\${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \\
--listen-client-urls=\${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls=\${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=\${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \\
--initial-cluster=\${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \\
--initial-cluster-token=\${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \\
--initial-cluster-state=new \\
--cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl restart etcd

在master上使用腳本啓動etcd

./etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.200.101 etcd01=https://192.168.200.101:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.200.102:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.200.103:2380

 (可選) 爲了方便部署，配置master到node互信：

生成公密鑰：ssh-keygen
一路回車
生成後發送公鑰到node
ssh-copy-id [email protected]
ssh-copy-id [email protected]

發送master文件到node

scp -r /opt/kubernetes/  [email protected]:/opt
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/  [email protected]:/opt
scp etcd.sh [email protected]:~
scp etcd.sh [email protected]:~

啓動node01的etcd

./etcd.sh etcd02 192.168.200.102 etcd01=https://192.168.200.101:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.200.102:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.200.103:2380

啓動node02的etcd

./etcd.sh etcd03 192.168.200.103 etcd01=https://192.168.200.101:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.200.102:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.200.103:2380

進入到/root/ssl目錄下，執行以下命令在master查看集羣狀態

/opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.200.101:2379,https://192.168.200.102:2379,https://192.168.200.103:2379" \
cluster-health

5、部署Flannel網絡

Overlay Network：覆蓋網絡，在基礎網絡上疊加的一種虛擬網絡技術模式，該網絡中的主機通過虛擬鏈路連接起來。

VXLAN ：將源數據包封裝到UDP中，並使用基礎網絡的IP/MAC作爲外層報文頭進行封裝，然後在以太網上傳輸，到達目的地後由隧道端點解封裝並將數據發送給目標地址。

Flannel ：是Overlay網絡的一種，也是將源數據包封裝在另一種網絡包裏面進行路由轉發和通信，目前已經支持UDP、VXLAN、AWS VPC和GCE路由等數據轉發方式。

多主機容器網絡通信其他主流方案：隧道方案（ Weave、OpenvSwitch ），路由方案（Calico）等。

在master/node上操作（master部署flannel在一些特殊場景會用到）：

1）寫入分配的子網段到 etcd ，供 flanneld 使用(只在master上操作即可)

/opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.200.101:2379,https://192.168.200.102:2379,https://192.168.200.103:2379" \
set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

2）下載二進制包

wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.9.1/flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xf flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /opt/kubernetes/bin/

3）配置 Flannel/systemd管理

使用腳本配置cat flanneld.sh 

#!/bin/bash
ETCD_ENDPOINTS=${1:-"http://127.0.0.1:2379"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
-etcd-cafile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
-etcd-certfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
-etcd-keyfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq \$FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd  \$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP \$MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart flanneld
systemctl restart docker

4）啓動flannel

./flanneld.sh https://192.168.200.101:2379,https://192.168.200.102:2379,https://192.168.200.103:2379

5）驗證網絡

查看已存在的子網

[root@k8s-master ssl]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.200.101:2379,https://192.168.200.102:2379,https://192.168.200.103:2379" ls /coreos.com/network/subnets
會顯示以下docker子網段：
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.78.0-24
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.84.0-24
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.49.0-24

查看某個子網詳細信息

[root@k8s-master ssl]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.200.101:2379,https://192.168.200.102:2379,https://192.168.200.103:2379" get /coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.78.0-24
子網詳細信息：
{"PublicIP":"192.168.200.101","BackendType":"vxlan","BackendData":{"VtepMAC":"62:5f:9d:cd:51:aa"}}

如果集羣內部節點無法通信，可以添加防火牆規則：

iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.200.0/24 -j ACCEPT

6、創建Node節點kubeconfig文件

在master節點/root/ssl目錄下使用以下腳本：

cat kubeconfig.sh 

# 創建 TLS Bootstrapping Token
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
cat > token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
#----------------------
# 創建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.200.101:6443"
# 設置集羣參數
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設置客戶端認證參數
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設置上下文參數
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設置默認上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
#----------------------
# 創建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

注意：執行此腳本時必須存在kubectl命令(上傳kubectl命令到/usr/bin下)

./kubeconfig.sh

會生成以下文件：

token.csv 

bootstrap.kubeconfig

kube-proxy.kubeconfig

將配置文件cp到node：

scp *kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp *kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

7、獲取K8S二進制包、運行Master組件

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/

移動二進制文件到工作目錄bin下：

mv kubectl kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/

移動token認證信息到配置目錄下：

mv token.csv /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

使用以下腳本apiserver.sh、scheduler.sh、controller-manager.sh：

cat apiserver.sh

#!/bin/bash
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"192.168.200.101"}
ETCD_SERVERS=${2:-"http://192.168.200.101:2379"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--etcd-servers=${ETCD_SERVERS} \\
--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--bind-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--insecure-port=8080 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.10.10.0/24 \\
--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver

cat controller-manager.sh 

#!/bin/bash
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"127.0.0.1"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}:8080 \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--address=127.0.0.1 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.10.10.0/24 \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager

cat scheduler.sh 

#!/bin/bash
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"127.0.0.1"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}:8080 \\
--leader-elect"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl restart kube-scheduler

啓動組件：

./apiserver.sh 192.168.200.101 https://192.168.200.101:2379,https://192.168.200.102:2379,https://192.168.200.103:2379
./scheduler.sh
./controller-manager.sh

查看組件啓動狀態：

kubectl get cs

8、運行Node組件

mv kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin/
chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/*

在node節點使用腳本啓動kubelet：

cat kubelet.sh

#!/bin/bash
NODE_ADDRESS=${1:-"192.168.1.196"}
DNS_SERVER_IP=${2:-"10.10.10.2"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--address=${NODE_ADDRESS} \\
--hostname-override=${NODE_ADDRESS} \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--cluster-dns=${DNS_SERVER_IP} \\
--cluster-domain=cluster.local \\
--fail-swap-on=false \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet

在node01啓動：

./kubelet.sh 192.168.200.102

在node02啓動：

./kubelet.sh 192.168.200.103

如果啓動報錯：kubelet: error: failed to run Kubelet: cannot create certificate signing request: certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io is forbidden: User "kubelet-bootstrap" cannot create certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io at the cluster scope

原因是：kubelet-bootstrap並沒有權限創建證書。所以要創建這個用戶的權限並綁定到這個角色上。

在master執行命令創建kubelet-bootstrap用戶：

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

在master節點查看認證狀態：

kubectl get csr
顯示爲等待簽名認證狀態
NAME                                   AGE       REQUESTOR        CONDITION
node-csr-QmkBSqwpZJnC5CJyowdOwYi_SvD2Q5h_e9l-axZRf3s   27s       kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
node-csr-piPDu1XYXFMdWSKyucooft7bc-L5dfvgCiKjigjXgKI   5m        kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

master進行簽名認證：

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-QmkBSqwpZJnC5CJyowdOwYi_SvD2Q5h_e9l-axZRf3s
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-piPDu1XYXFMdWSKyucooft7bc-L5dfvgCiKjigjXgKI

再次查看：

kubectl get csr
顯示爲簽發狀態
NAME                                   AGE       REQUESTOR         CONDITION
node-csr-QmkBSqwpZJnC5CJyowdOwYi_SvD2Q5h_e9l-axZRf3s   5m        kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
node-csr-piPDu1XYXFMdWSKyucooft7bc-L5dfvgCiKjigjXgKI   10m       kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

kubectl get node
顯示node節點已準備就緒
NAME          STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
192.168.200.102   Ready     <none>    1m        v1.9.0
192.168.200.103   Ready     <none>    2m        v1.9.0

使用腳本在node節點啓動kube-pory

cat proxy.sh

#!/bin/bash
NODE_ADDRESS=${1:-"192.168.1.200"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=${NODE_ADDRESS} \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy

啓動kube-proxy:

在node1啓動：

./proxy.sh 192.168.200.102

在nodo2啓動：

./proxy.sh 192.168.200.103

9、啓動一個測試示例

啓動一個nginx服務(只能內網訪問)：

kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
kubectl get pod

啓動一個nginx服務(使用NodePort網絡映射到外網)：

# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=88 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
# kubectl get svc nginx

10、部署Web UI (Dashboard)

使用kubernets模板文件dashboard-rbac.yaml、dashboard-deployment.yaml、dashboard-service.yaml：

# kubectl create -f dashboard-rbac.yaml
# kubectl create -f dashboard-deployment.yaml
# kubectl create -f dashboard-service.yaml

#查看啓動

kubectl get pods -n kube-system   //獲取podid
kubectl describe po/podid -n kube-system

#查看service信息

kubectl get svc -n kube-system

Kubectl管理工具,遠程管理集羣服務

在遠程服務器上操作：

# 設置集羣項中名爲kubernetes的apiserver地址與根證書
./kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --server=https://192.168.200.101:6443 --certificate-authority=ca.pem
# 設置用戶項中cluster-admin用戶證書認證字段
./kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin --certificate-authority=ca.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --client-certificate=admin.pem
# 設置環境項中名爲default的默認集羣和用戶
./kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=cluster-admin
# 設置默認環境項爲default
./kubectl config use-context default