前提條件：
mysql主從操作中關於mysql的安裝與基本配置請參考我的另一篇博文：linux下mysql的安裝以及多實例操作“http://ylcodes01.blog.51cto.com/5607366/1841686”
一、主庫操作
1、1查看主庫系統及mysql信息
[root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.7 (Final) [root@db01 ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 [root@db01 ~]# mysql --version mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
1、2主庫設置server-id以及開啓binlog
[root@db01 backup]# pwd /server/backup [root@db01 backup]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 51#以IP結尾（只適用於單實例），其他從庫的server-id不要跟主庫重複，當然所有從庫的也不要重複，修改完一定記得重啓庫
log-bin=mysql-bin #主庫開啓binlog
1、3登錄主庫
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123
1、4設置同步用戶
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'10.0.0.%' identified by 'oldboy123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | rep | 10.0.0.% | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | | db01 | | root | db01 | | | localhost | | root | localhost | +------+-----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for rep@'10.0.0.%'; +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for [email protected].% | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*FE28814B4A8B3309DAC6ED7D3237ADED6DA1E515' | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1、5主庫鎖表（此時不能執行事務處理）
mysql> flush table with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
1、6查看主庫binlog信息
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 289 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | testdb01 | | testdb02 | | testdb03 | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1、7另開窗口導出主庫現有數據
[root@db01 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -poldboy123 --events -A -B|gzip>/server/backup/mysql_bak.2016-09-16.sql.gz [root@db01 backup]# ll total 144 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144465 Sep 16 17:38 mysql_bak.2016-09-16.sql.gz
1、8發送給從庫
[root@db01 backup]# scp mysql_bak.2016-09-16.sql.gz [email protected]:/server/backup/
1、9主庫關閉鎖表狀態
mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
二、從庫操作
2、1查看從庫系統及mysql信息
[root@db02 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.7 (Final) [root@db02 ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 [root@db02 backup]# mysql --version mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 [root@db02 backup]# pwd /server/backup
2、2設置從庫server-id
[root@db02 backup]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 52 #以IP結尾（只適用於單實例），從庫的server-id一定不要跟主庫和其他庫重複，修改一定要重啓數據庫
#log-bin=mysql-bin #從庫一定不要開啓binlog
2、3在從庫對應解壓主庫發送的數據庫備份文件
[root@db02 backup]# ll total 144 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144465 Sep 16 17:39 mysql_bak.2016-09-16.sql.gz [root@db02 backup]# gzip -d mysql_bak.2016-09-16.sql.gz [root@db02 backup]# ll total 520 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 529834 Sep 16 17:39 mysql_bak.2016-09-16.sql
2、4從庫導入主庫對應數據庫數據
[root@db02 backup]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 < mysql_bak.2016-09-16.sql [root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123
2、5從庫查看導入主庫數據結果
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | testdb01 | | testdb02 | | testdb03 | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2、6設置從庫同步主庫數據命令（主從複製關鍵命令）
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',MASTER_LOG_POS=289,MASTER_USER='rep',MASTER_PASSWORD='oldboy123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
#注意這裏的MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002'和MASTER_LOG_POS=289是對應上述主庫在鎖表時查看主庫狀態信息的內容，對應“1、6查看主庫binlog信息”。
2、7一定要先執行上述change master再start slave
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.0.0.51 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 289 Relay_Log_File: db02-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 289 Relay_Log_Space: 408 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 51 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | testdb01 | | testdb02 | | testdb03 | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三、主庫和從庫測試
#測試主庫數據是否同步到了從庫
3、1主庫操作
mysql> create database testdb04; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases like 'testdb04'; +---------------------+ | Database (testdb04) | +---------------------+ | testdb04 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、2從庫查看
mysql> show databases like 'testdb04'; +---------------------+ | Database (testdb04) | +---------------------+ | testdb04 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#現主從同步測試成功。