1. 概述
openstack的cinder項目負責volume的服務，即虛擬機的外掛存儲，cinder作爲管理存儲的工具，可以支持LVM，glusterfs，ceph，sleepdog等開源的存儲方案，同時也提供了對HP，IBM，huawei等商業存儲的支持，配置完cinder之後，即可對虛擬機分配存儲空間，如下給虛擬機分配cinder存儲空間爲例，講述cinder的使用方法。
2. 磁盤掛載
[root@controller ~]# nova list |grep 10.16.6.52
| 1809ae2e-7e29-4203-930b-494de426bf8e | Dev_20151201_01 | ACTIVE | - | Running | vmPrivate=10.16.6.52 | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_13 |
[root@controller ~]# cinder create --display-name "storage_10.16.6.52" 20 #劃分一個20G的磁盤
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| p_w_uploads | [] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| created_at | 2016-01-19T08:58:29.819663 |
| display_description | None |
| display_name | storage_10.16.6.52 |
| encrypted | False |
| id | e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d | #獲取cinder-volume的id號碼，用於和instance關聯
| metadata | {} |
| size | 20 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | creating |
| volume_type | None |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
將cinder和虛擬機關聯
[root@controller ~]# nova volume-attach 1809ae2e-7e29-4203-930b-494de426bf8e e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| device | /dev/vdc | #虛擬機將會識別爲vdc設備
| id | e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d |
| serverId | 1809ae2e-7e29-4203-930b-494de426bf8e |
| volumeId | e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
查看cinder的情況
[root@controller ~]# cinder show e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| p_w_uploads | [{u'device': u'/dev/vdc', u'server_id': u'1809ae2e-7e29-4203-930b-494de426bf8e', u'id': u'e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d', u'host_name': None, u'volume_id': u'e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d'}] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| created_at | 2016-01-19T08:58:29.000000 |
| display_description | None |
| display_name | storage_10.16.6.52 |
| encrypted | False |
| id | e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d |
| metadata | {u'readonly': u'False', u'attached_mode': u'rw'} |
| os-vol-host-attr:host | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_7 |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None |
| os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae |
| size | 20 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | in-use |
| volume_type | None |
+--------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+3. 格式化磁盤
查看系統識別的disk
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether fa:16:3e:d5:e1:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.16.6.52/23 brd 10.16.7.255 scope global eth0 [root@localhost ~]# dmesg | tail -10 pci 0000:00:07.0: using default PCI settings virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003) virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: PCI INT A -> Link[LNKC] -> GSI 10 (level, high) -> IRQ 10 alloc irq_desc for 31 on node -1 alloc kstat_irqs on node -1 virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: irq 31 for MSI/MSI-X alloc irq_desc for 32 on node -1 alloc kstat_irqs on node -1 virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: irq 32 for MSI/MSI-X vdc: unknown partition table #磁盤識別爲vdc
2. 分區與格式化
[root@Dev_10_16_6_52 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdc #磁盤分區
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x115a4ff3.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@Dev_10_16_6_52 ~]# partprobe /dev/vdc
[root@Dev_10_16_6_52 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc1 #格式化
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks
262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.3. 掛載使用
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data2 [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdc1 /data2/ [root@localhost ~]# df -h /data2/ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vdc1 20G 172M 19G 1% /data2
4. 總結
cinder作爲一種外掛的存儲，在openstack中用於數據存儲有非常關鍵的作用，並且在openstack中，使用cinder非常方便，創建和關聯，輕鬆就可以實現任意大小磁盤的分配，實現高效的管理。
5. 附錄
[root@controller ~]# cinder -h usage: cinder [--version] [--debug] [--os-username <auth-user-name>] [--os-password <auth-password>] [--os-tenant-name <auth-tenant-name>] [--os-tenant-id <auth-tenant-id>] [--os-auth-url <auth-url>] [--os-region-name <region-name>] [--os-auth-system <auth-system>] [--service-type <service-type>] [--service-name <service-name>] [--volume-service-name <volume-service-name>] [--endpoint-type <endpoint-type>] [--os-volume-api-version <volume-api-ver>] [--os-cacert <ca-certificate>] [--retries <retries>] <subcommand> ... Command-line interface to the OpenStack Cinder API. Positional arguments: <subcommand> absolute-limits Print a list of absolute limits for a user availability-zone-list List all the availability zones. backup-create Creates a backup. #備份相關 backup-delete Remove a backup. backup-list List all the backups. backup-restore Restore a backup. backup-show Show details about a backup. create Add a new volume. credentials Show user credentials returned from auth. delete Remove volume(s). encryption-type-create #加密盤相關 Create a new encryption type for a volume type (Admin Only). encryption-type-delete Delete the encryption type for a volume type (Admin Only). encryption-type-list List encryption type information for all volume types (Admin Only). encryption-type-show Show the encryption type information for a volume type (Admin Only). endpoints Discover endpoints that get returned from the authenticate services. extend Attempt to extend the size of an existing volume. extra-specs-list Print a list of current 'volume types and extra specs' (Admin Only). force-delete Attempt forced removal of volume(s), regardless of the state(s). list List all the volumes. metadata Set or Delete metadata on a volume. metadata-show Show metadata of given volume. metadata-update-all Update all metadata of a volume. migrate Migrate the volume to the new host. #qos相關 qos-associate Associate qos specs with specific volume type. qos-create Create a new qos specs. qos-delete Delete a specific qos specs. qos-disassociate Disassociate qos specs from specific volume type. qos-disassociate-all Disassociate qos specs from all of its associations. qos-get-association Get all associations of specific qos specs. qos-key Set or unset specifications for a qos spec. qos-list Get full list of qos specs. qos-show Get a specific qos specs. quota-class-show List the quotas for a quota class. #磁盤配額相關 quota-class-update Update the quotas for a quota class. quota-defaults List the default quotas for a tenant. quota-delete Delete the quotas for a tenant. quota-show List the quotas for a tenant. quota-update Update the quotas for a tenant. quota-usage List the quota usage for a tenant. rate-limits Print a list of rate limits for a user readonly-mode-update Update volume read-only access mode read_only. rename Rename a volume. reset-state Explicitly update the state of a volume. #服務管理相關 service-disable Disable the service. service-enable Enable the service. service-list List all the services. Filter by host & service binary. show Show details about a volume. snapshot-create Add a new snapshot. 快照相關 snapshot-delete Remove one or more snapshots. snapshot-list List all the snapshots. snapshot-metadata Set or Delete metadata of a snapshot. snapshot-metadata-show Show metadata of given snapshot. snapshot-metadata-update-all Update all metadata of a snapshot. snapshot-rename Rename a snapshot. snapshot-reset-state Explicitly update the state of a snapshot. snapshot-show Show details about a snapshot. transfer-accept Accepts a volume transfer. transfer-create Creates a volume transfer. transfer-delete Undo a transfer. transfer-list List all the transfers. transfer-show Show details about a transfer. type-create Create a new volume type. cinder type相關 type-delete Delete a specific volume type. type-key Set or unset extra_spec for a volume type. type-list Print a list of available 'volume types'. upload-to-p_w_picpath Upload volume to p_w_picpath service as p_w_picpath. bash-completion Print arguments for bash_completion. help Display help about this program or one of its subcommands. list-extensions List all the os-api extensions that are available.