在容器啓動時，tomcat的輸出日誌信息如下;
docker logs 5ddb9eeb4815
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat-8.5.11
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat-8.5.11
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /opt/jdk1.8.0_73
Using CLASSPATH: /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat-8.5.11/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.297 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.11
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Jan 10 2017 21:02:52 UTC
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number: 8.5.11.0
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /opt/jdk1.8.0_73/jre
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_73-b02
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat-8.5.11
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat-8.5.11
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat-8.5.11/conf/logging.properties
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.299 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.300 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.300 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.300 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat-8.5.11
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.300 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat-8.5.11
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.300 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat-8.5.11/temp
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.300 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.566 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.593 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.606 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.607 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.611 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 1015 ms
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.663 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service Catalina
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.664 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.11
22-Jul-2019 06:12:52.682 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/ROOT
22-Jul-2019 06:13:09.698 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase.createSecureRandom Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [16,530] milliseconds.
22-Jul-2019 06:13:09.795 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/ROOT has finished in 17,113 ms
22-Jul-2019 06:13:09.795 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/docs
22-Jul-2019 06:13:09.891 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/docs has finished in 96 ms
22-Jul-2019 06:13:09.891 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/examples
22-Jul-2019 06:13:10.384 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/examples has finished in 493 ms
22-Jul-2019 06:13:10.385 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/host-manager
22-Jul-2019 06:13:10.429 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/host-manager has finished in 43 ms
22-Jul-2019 06:13:10.429 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/manager
22-Jul-2019 06:13:10.470 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat-8.5.11/webapps/manager has finished in 41 ms
22-Jul-2019 06:13:10.487 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler [http-nio-8080]
22-Jul-2019 06:13:10.494 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler [ajp-nio-8009]
22-Jul-2019 06:13:10.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 17883 ms
22-Jul-2019 06:15:15.904 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.await A valid shutdown command was received via the shutdown port. Stopping the Server instance.
22-Jul-2019 06:15:15.905 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.pause Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
22-Jul-2019 06:15:15.957 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.pause Pausing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
22-Jul-2019 06:15:16.008 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stopInternal Stopping service Catalina
22-Jul-2019 06:15:16.055 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.stop Stopping ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
22-Jul-2019 06:15:16.056 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.stop Stopping ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
22-Jul-2019 06:15:16.056 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
22-Jul-2019 06:15:16.060 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy Destroying ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
進入容器內部查看其時間
本地的CST時區，說明Docker與操作系統使用的是同一個時區
說明：
(1) UTC
整個地球分爲二十四時區，每個時區都有自己的本地時間。在國際無線電通信場合，爲了統一起見，使用一個統一的時間，稱爲通用協調時(UTC, Universal Time Coordinated)。
(2) GMT
格林威治標準時間 (Greenwich Mean Time)指位於英國倫敦郊區的×××格林尼治天文臺的標準時間，因爲本初子午線被定義在通過那裏的經線。(UTC與GMT時間基本相同，本文中不做區分)
(3) CST
中國標準時間 (China Standard Time)
代碼如下:
GMT + 8 = UTC + 8 = CST
(4) DST
夏令時(Daylight Saving Time) 指在夏天太陽升起的比較早時，將時鐘撥快一小時，以提早日光的使用。(中國不使用)
是因爲Tomcat啓動時，使用了JVM啓動時的默認時區所致，難道JVM啓動不是使用系統提供的默認時區嗎？答案：不是的，默認是UTC時區
基於這種現象，本人在容器中寫了測試的代碼：
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(new java.util.Date());
System.out.println(System.getProperty("user.timezone"));
}
}進行編譯，然後運行
javac -g Test.java # java Test
看如下截圖：
正好相差8個小時
找到原因其實就好解決了
一是修改JVM啓動提供的默認時區，二是修改Tomcat啓動腳本
我這裏選擇修改Tomcat啓動腳本的參數
在$Tomcat_HOME/bin/catalina.sh 中添加如下:
export JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -server -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=GMT+08"
最後啓動Tomcat，正常，見如下：
方法二：
使用tzselect進行進行修改
# tzselect
1) Africa
2) Americas
3) Antarctica
4) Arctic Ocean
5) Asia
6) Atlantic Ocean
7) Australia
8) Europe
9) Indian Ocean
10) Pacific Ocean
11) none - I want to specify the time zone using the Posix TZ format.
選擇5
Please select a country.
1) Afghanistan 18) Israel 35) Palestine
2) Armenia 19) Japan 36) Philippines
3) Azerbaijan 20) Jordan 37) Qatar
4) Bahrain 21) Kazakhstan 38) Russia
5) Bangladesh 22) Korea (North) 39) Saudi Arabia
6) Bhutan 23) Korea (South) 40) Singapore
7) Brunei 24) Kuwait 41) Sri Lanka
8) Cambodia 25) Kyrgyzstan 42) Syria
9) China 26) Laos 43) Taiwan
10) Cyprus 27) Lebanon 44) Tajikistan
11) East Timor 28) Macau 45) Thailand
12) Georgia 29) Malaysia 46) Turkmenistan
13) Hong Kong 30) Mongolia 47) United Arab Emirates
14) India 31) Myanmar (Burma) 48) Uzbekistan
15) Indonesia 32) Nepal 49) Vietnam
16) Iran 33) Oman 50) Yemen
17) Iraq 34) Pakistan
選擇9
Please select one of the following time zone regions.
1) Beijing Time
2) Xinjiang Time
選擇1
The following information has been given:
China
Beijing Time
Therefore TZ='Asia/Shanghai' will be used.
Local time is now: Mon Jul 22 15:55:01 CST 2019.
Universal Time is now: Mon Jul 22 07:55:01 UTC 2019.
Is the above information OK?
1) Yes
2) No
選擇1
# cp /etc/timezone /etc/timezone.bak
cat > /etc/timezone << EOF
Asia/Shanghai
EOF
將之前的catalina.sh腳本註釋掉，最後啓動Tomcat，時區也是正常的
見下圖：
最後，可以將這些配置好的信息，重新打包成新鏡像，然後發佈到repos中