1 Linux環境信息
--- 查看linux版本
cat /etc/redhat-release
--- 查看內核版本
uname -r
--- 查看操作系統位數
uname -m
2 安裝依賴包
PostgreSQL的依賴包需提前安裝
rpm -qa | grep ncurses libaio
yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
yum install readline readline-devel openssl openssl-devel zlib zlib-devel -y
yum install gcc bison tcl perl flex
3 創建PostgreSQL賬號
useradd psql
id psql
4 獲取PostgreSQL軟件包
PostgreSQL源碼包：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/v9.5.18/
PostgreSQL源碼包：postgresql-9.5.18.tar.gz
5 編譯&安裝PostgreSQL
配置、編譯安裝步驟如下：
1. 下載PostgreSQL軟件包
mkdir -p /opt/media
cd /opt/media
wget -q https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/v9.5.18/postgresql-9.5.18.tar.gz
ls -rtlh
2. 解壓、配置PostgreSQL
tar -zxvf postgresql-9.5.18.tar.gz -C /opt/media
cd /opt/media/postgresql-9.5.18
./configure --prefix=/app/psql
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/psql9.5 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/app/psql9.5/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/app/psql9.5/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DWITH_SSL=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
3. 編譯、安裝mysql
--- 編譯，啓用4核並行編譯
make -j 4
make install
4. 配置安裝目錄的軟連接
ln -s /app/pysql9.5 /app/psql
ls -lrth /app
ls /app/pysql
完成上述步驟，psql軟件安裝完成
6 初始化數據庫
-- 創建數據目錄
mkdir -p /app/psql/data
-- 初始化數據庫
initdb -D /app/psql/data
7 配置訪問控制
-- 配置訪問控制文件
vi /app/psql/pg_hba.conf
修改前
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
修改後
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 10.6.0.*/24 md5
-- 配置PostgreSQL服務監聽端口
vi /app/psql/postgresql.conf
#listen_addresses = '10.6.0.*'
#port = 5432
8 啓動PostgreSQL服務
-- 創建PostgreSQL日誌目錄
mkdir -p /app/psql/log
touch /app/psql/log/server.log
-- 啓動PostgreSQL服務
pg_ctl -D /app/psql/data -l /app/psql/log/server.log start
-- 停止PostgreSQL服務
pg_ctl -D /app/psql/data -l /app/psql/log/server.log stop
9 編輯postgresql.conf文件
# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
# name = value
#
# (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
# "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
# you need to reload the server.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
# signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
# parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
# take effect.
#
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
# "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time
# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units: kB = kilobytes Time units: ms = milliseconds
# MB = megabytes s = seconds
# GB = gigabytes min = minutes
# TB = terabytes h = hours
# d = days
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
data_directory = '/app/psql/data' # use data in another directory
# (change requires restart)
hba_file = '/app/psql/data/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
# (change requires restart)
ident_file = '/app/psql/data/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
# (change requires restart)
# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
#external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Connection Settings -
listen_addresses = '10.6.0.33' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
# (change requires restart)
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
unix_socket_directories = '/app/psql/tmp' # comma-separated list of directories
# (change requires restart)
unix_socket_group = 'psql' # (change requires restart)
unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
# - Security and Authentication -
#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
#ssl = off # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
# (change requires restart)
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_key_file = 'server.key' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ca_file = '' # (change requires restart)
#ssl_crl_file = '' # (change requires restart)
#password_encryption = on
#db_user_namespace = off
#row_security = on
# GSSAPI using Kerberos
#krb_server_keyfile = ''
#krb_caseins_users = off
# - TCP Keepalives -
# see "man 7 tcp" for details
#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
# 0 selects the system default
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Memory -
shared_buffers = 128MB # min 128kB
# (change requires restart)
#huge_pages = try # on, off, or try
# (change requires restart)
temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature
# (change requires restart)
# Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless
# you actively intend to use prepared transactions.
work_mem = 4MB # min 64kB
maintenance_work_mem = 64MB # min 1MB
#autovacuum_work_mem = -1 # min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem
max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# posix
# sysv
# windows
# mmap
# use none to disable dynamic shared memory
# (change requires restart)
# - Disk -
temp_file_limit = 512 # limits per-session temp file space
# in kB, or -1 for no limit
# - Kernel Resource Usage -
#max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25
# (change requires restart)
#shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)
# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
#vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits
# - Background Writer -
#bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round
# - Asynchronous Behavior -
#effective_io_concurrency = 1 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
#max_worker_processes = 8
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE AHEAD LOG
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Settings -
wal_level = archive # minimal, archive, hot_standby, or logical
# (change requires restart)
fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off
synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
# off, local, remote_write, or on
#wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# open_datasync
# fdatasync (default on Linux)
# fsync
# fsync_writethrough
# open_sync
full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
#wal_compression = off # enable compression of full-page writes
#wal_log_hints = off # also do full page writes of non-critical updates
# (change requires restart)
wal_buffers = 64kB # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
# (change requires restart)
wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
commit_delay = 100000 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
# - Checkpoints -
checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h
max_wal_size = 1GB
min_wal_size = 80MB
checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables
# - Archiving -
#archive_mode = on # enables archiving; off, on, or always
# (change requires restart)
#archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
# %f = file name only
# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
#archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
# number of seconds; 0 disables
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPLICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Sending Server(s) -
# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.
#max_wal_senders = 0 # max number of walsender processes
# (change requires restart)
#wal_keep_segments = 0 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
#wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables
#max_replication_slots = 0 # max number of replication slots
# (change requires restart)
#track_commit_timestamp = off # collect timestamp of transaction commit
# (change requires restart)
# - Master Server -
# These settings are ignored on a standby server.
#synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep
# comma-separated list of application_name
# from standby(s); '*' = all
#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed
# - Standby Servers -
# These settings are ignored on a master server.
#hot_standby = off # "on" allows queries during recovery
# (change requires restart)
#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading WAL from archive;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading streaming WAL;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
# 0 disables
#hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
# query conflicts
#wal_receiver_timeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for
# communication from master
# in milliseconds; 0 disables
#wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s # time to wait before retrying to
# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Planner Method Configuration -
enable_bitmapscan = on
enable_hashagg = on
enable_hashjoin = on
enable_indexscan = on
enable_indexonlyscan = on
enable_material = on
enable_mergejoin = on
enable_nestloop = on
enable_seqscan = on
enable_sort = on
enable_tidscan = on
# - Planner Cost Constants -
seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
effective_cache_size = 4GB
# - Genetic Query Optimizer -
geqo = on
geqo_threshold = 12
geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0
# - Other Planner Options -
default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000
constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0
from_collapse_limit = 8
join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
# JOIN clauses
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Where to Log -
log_destination = 'stderr,csvlog,syslog' # Valid values are combinations of
# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
# depending on platform. csvlog
# requires logging_collector to be on.
# This is used when logging to stderr:
logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
# into log files. Required to be on for
# csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)
# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
# can include strftime() escapes
log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
# begin with 0 to use octal notation
log_truncate_on_rotation = on # If on, an existing log file with the
# same name as the new log file will be
# truncated rather than appended to.
# But such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
# or size-driven rotation. Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time. 0 disables.
log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that much log output.
# 0 disables.
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
syslog_ident = 'postgres'
# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
# (change requires restart)
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
# - When to Log -
log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic
log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic (effectively off)
log_min_duration_statement = 0 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
# statements running at least this number
# of milliseconds
# - What to Log -
debug_print_parse = on
debug_print_rewritten = on
debug_print_plan = on
debug_pretty_print = on
log_checkpoints = on
log_connections = on
log_disconnections = on
log_duration = on
log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
log_hostname = on
log_line_prefix = '%a_%u_%d_%r_%s' # special values:
# %a = application name
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
# %p = process ID
# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %i = command tag
# %e = SQL state
# %c = session ID
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
# %v = virtual transaction ID
# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
# %q = stop here in non-session
# processes
# %% = '%'
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
log_replication_commands = off
log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
# than the specified size in kilobytes;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'PRC'
# - Process Title -
#cluster_name = '' # added to process titles if nonempty
# (change requires restart)
#update_process_title = on
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RUNTIME STATISTICS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -
track_activities = on
track_counts = on
track_io_timing = on
track_functions = all # none, pl, all
track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)
stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'
# - Statistics Monitoring -
log_parser_stats = off
log_planner_stats = off
log_executor_stats = off
log_statement_stats = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
# requires track_counts to also be on.
#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
# their durations, > 0 logs only
# actions running at least this number
# of milliseconds.
#autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# analyze
#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000 # maximum multixact age
# before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Statement Behavior -
client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# log
# notice
# warning
# error
search_path = '"$user", public' # schema names
#default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
#temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
# only default tablespace
check_function_bodies = on
default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
default_transaction_read_only = off
default_transaction_deferrable = off
session_replication_role = 'origin'
statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000
bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape
xmlbinary = 'base64'
xmloption = 'content'
gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0
gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB
# - Locale and Formatting -
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
timezone = 'PRC'
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
# abbreviations. Currently, there are
# Default
# Australia (historical usage)
# India
# You can create your own file in
# share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3
#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
lc_messages = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for system error message
# strings
lc_monetary = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for time formatting
# default configuration for text search
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'
# - Other Defaults -
#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
#local_preload_libraries = ''
#session_preload_libraries = ''
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
deadlock_timeout = 1s
max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
#array_nulls = on
#backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
#default_with_oids = off
#escape_string_warning = on
#lo_compat_privileges = off
#operator_precedence_warning = off
#quote_all_identifiers = off
#sql_inheritance = on
#standard_conforming_strings = on
#synchronize_seqscans = on
# - Other Platforms and Clients -
#transform_null_equals = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR HANDLING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?
restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?
#data_sync_retry = off # retry or panic on failure to fsync
# data?
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONFIG FILE INCLUDES
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
# default postgresql.conf.
#include_dir = '' # include files ending in '.conf' from
# a directory, e.g., 'conf.d'
#include_if_exists = '' # include file only if it exists
#include = '' # include file
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Add settings for extensions here
10 創建數據庫
-- 創建ocean數據庫
createdb --port=5432 ocean -h /app/psql/tmp
11 登錄ocean數據庫
psql --port=5432 -h /app/psql/tmp -d ocean