HttpClient配置SSL繞過https證書

總結:實測有用。原作者:irokay,原文地址https://blog.csdn.net/irokay/article/details/78801307。

重點就是方法SSLContext。照着修改後的main方法實現就可以了。

HttpClient簡介

HTTP 協議可能是現在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的協議了,越來越多的 Java 應用程序需要直接通過 HTTP 協議來訪問網絡資源。雖然在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已經提供了訪問 HTTP 協議的基本功能,但是對於大部分應用程序來說,JDK 庫本身提供的功能還不夠豐富和靈活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子項目,用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協議的客戶端編程工具包,並且它支持 HTTP 協議最新的版本和建議。HttpClient 已經應用在很多的項目中,比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外兩個開源項目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient。更多信息請關注http://hc.apache.org/

請求步驟

許多需要後臺模擬請求的系統或者框架都用的是httpclient,使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單,一般需要如下幾步即可:

  1. 創建CloseableHttpClient對象。
  2. 創建請求方法的實例,並指定請求URL。如果需要發送GET請求,創建HttpGet對象;如果需要發送POST請求,創建HttpPost對象。
  3. 如果需要發送請求參數,可可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。setParams方法已過時(4.4.1版本)。
  4. 調用HttpGet、HttpPost對象的setHeader(String name, String value)方法設置header信息,或者調用setHeaders(Header[] headers)設置一組header信息。
  5. 調用CloseableHttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求,該方法返回一個CloseableHttpResponse。
  6. 調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象,該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可通過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容;調用CloseableHttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭。
  7. 釋放連接。無論執行方法是否成功,都必須釋放連接

先看個官方HttpClient通過Http協議發送get請求,請求網頁內容的例子:

1.ClientWithResponseHandler.java

/*
 *
 * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
 * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
 * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
 * <http://www.apache.org/>.
 *
 */

package org.apache.http.examples.client;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
 * This example demonstrates the use of the {@link ResponseHandler} to simplify
 * the process of processing the HTTP response and releasing associated resources.
 */
public class ClientWithResponseHandler {

    public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");

            System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine());

            // Create a custom response handler
            ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() {

                @Override
                public String handleResponse(
                        final HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
                    int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                    if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
                        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                        return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
                    } else {
                        throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
                    }
                }

            };
            String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpget, responseHandler);
            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
            System.out.println(responseBody);
        } finally {
            httpclient.close();
        }
    }

}

我把上述例子中的請求地址改爲了“http://www.baidu.com/”,運行後控制檯可以獲取百度首頁網頁內容:

這裏寫圖片描述

下面把地址改爲https地址:https://www.baidu.com/,再次嘗試運行:
報錯了,提示unable to find valid certification path to requested target,無法通過htpps認證。

正規途徑,我們需要將證書導入到密鑰庫中,現在我們採取另外一種方式:繞過https證書認證實現訪問。

2.Method SSLContext

/** 
* 繞過驗證 
*   
* @return 
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException  
* @throws KeyManagementException  
*/  
public static SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {  
        SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3");  

        // 實現一個X509TrustManager接口,用於繞過驗證,不用修改裏面的方法  
        X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {  
            @Override  
            public void checkClientTrusted(  
                    java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,  
                    String paramString) throws CertificateException {  
            }  

            @Override  
            public void checkServerTrusted(  
                    java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,  
                    String paramString) throws CertificateException {  
            }  

            @Override  
            public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {  
                return null;  
            }  
        };  

        sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);  
        return sc;  
    }

修改1中main方法:

public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        String body = "";

        //採用繞過驗證的方式處理https請求  
        SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();  

        //設置協議http和https對應的處理socket鏈接工廠的對象  
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()  
            .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)  
            .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))  
            .build();  
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);  
        HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager); 


        //創建自定義的httpclient對象  
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();  
        //CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();  

        try{
            //創建get方式請求對象  
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet("https://www.baidu.com/");

            //指定報文頭Content-type、User-Agent  
            get.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");  
            get.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2");

            //執行請求操作,並拿到結果(同步阻塞)  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);  

            //獲取結果實體  
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
            if (entity != null) {  
                //按指定編碼轉換結果實體爲String類型  
                body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");  
            }  

            EntityUtils.consume(entity);  
            //釋放鏈接  
            response.close(); 
            System.out.println("body:" + body);
        } finally{
            client.close();
       }
    }

運行代碼,獲取網頁內容成功!

同理,再嘗試下post請求:

public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        String body = "";

        //採用繞過驗證的方式處理https請求  
        SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();  
        //設置協議http和https對應的處理socket鏈接工廠的對象  
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()  
            .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)  
            .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))  
            .build();  
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);  
        HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager); 

        //創建自定義的httpclient對象  
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();  
        //CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

        try{
            //創建post方式請求對象  
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://api.douban.com/v2/book/1220562"); 


            //指定報文頭Content-type、User-Agent
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");  

            httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2");


            //執行請求操作,並拿到結果(同步阻塞)  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);  

            //獲取結果實體  
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
            if (entity != null) {  
                //按指定編碼轉換結果實體爲String類型  
                body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");  
            }  

            EntityUtils.consume(entity);  
            //釋放鏈接  
            response.close(); 
            System.out.println("body:" + body);
        }finally{
            client.close();
        }
    }

https地址以豆瓣的一個api爲例,獲得ID爲1220562的書的信息。
運行代碼:

這裏寫圖片描述

獲取返回信息成功。

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