MariaDB數據庫的安裝與配置

一、安裝

yum install mariadb-server -y ##安裝
systemctl start mariadb ##開啓服務

二、基本配置

一）安全初始化

1、默認情況下，數據庫端口是打開的，其他主機可以通過打開的端口來進行訪問，所以先將端口關閉

[root@station mysql]# netstat -antlpe | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         39838      3913/mysqld
[root@station mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip-networking=1         ##添加這一行，關閉網絡端口
[root@station mysql]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@station mysql]# netstat -antlpe | grep mysql    ##此時不會有任何返回值，端口已經關閉

2、數據庫的設定初始狀態是不安全的，所以需要設定密碼

mysQl_secure_installation ##這條命令爲數據庫設置密碼

二）密碼設置

1、更改密碼

mysqladmin -uroot -plcl970618 password lcl #把原來的密碼修改爲lcl

2、當超級用戶密碼忘記，不能登陸數據庫時

[root@station ~]# systemctl stop mariadb    ##先關掉數據庫
[root@station ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &   ##跳過數據庫密碼驗證階段
[1] 4815
[root@station ~]# 171123 05:43:05 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
171123 05:43:05 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql

[root@station ~]# mysql   ##此時進入數據庫不需要密碼
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=password('0618') WHERE User='root';  ##更新User爲root的密碼爲0618
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [(none)]> quit;
Bye
[root@station ~]# ps aux|grep mysql   ##列出數據庫的所有進程
root      4815  0.0  0.1 113252  1620 pts/0    S    05:43   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql     4970  0.0  8.2 843504 84256 pts/0    Sl   05:43   0:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root      5012  0.0  0.0 112644   956 pts/0    R+   05:44   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@station ~]# kill -9 4815    ##關閉數據庫的所有進程
[root@station ~]# kill -9 4970
[1]+  Killed                  mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
[root@station ~]# systemctl start mariadb   ##開啓數據庫
[root@station ~]# mysql -uroot -p    ##此時進入數據庫需要的密碼是剛纔更新的密碼
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>     ##成功進入

三）數據庫的管理

mysql交互模式下的數據庫、表都在/var/lib/mysql/目錄裏面，其中裏面的目錄是庫，庫目錄裏面的文件是表的名稱。

1、建立、查詢

[root@station ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;   ##列出當前已有的庫
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE lcl;  ##創建名爲lcl的庫
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> USE lcl;
Database changed
MariaDB [lcl]> CREATE TABLE user (      ##創建名爲user的表
    -> username varchar(50) not null,   ##創建字段username，字符長最大爲50，不能爲空
    -> password varchar(50) not null  ##創建password字段
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> DESC user;     ##列出表結構
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| password | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> INSERT INTO user VALUES ('alice','123');   ##插入數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> SELECT * FROM user;  ##列出user表中的所有數據
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| alice    | 123      |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> SELECT username FROM user    ##列出user表中的username字段的數據
    -> ;
+----------+
| username |
+----------+
| alice    |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2、更改

MariaDB [lcl]> UPDATE user SET password=password('alice') WHERE username='alice';   ##將alice的密碼改爲加密後的‘alice’，等號後面的password表示加密
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [lcl]> SELECT * FROM user;
+----------+-------------------------------------------+
| username | password                                  |
+----------+-------------------------------------------+
| alice    | *4F5CCA657BD61D1C1127E5C4EA3B0EE4A9841B85 |
+----------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> ALTER TABLE user ADD class varchar(20);  ##添加class字段，最大字符爲20，若沒有指定位置，則默認會添加在表的字段末尾
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.41 sec)                
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [lcl]> SELECT * FROM user;
+----------+-------------------------------------------+-------+
| username | password                                  | class |
+----------+-------------------------------------------+-------+
| alice    | *4F5CCA657BD61D1C1127E5C4EA3B0EE4A9841B85 | NULL  |
+----------+-------------------------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> ALTER TABLE user ADD age varchar(10) AFTER username; ##指定將age字段添加在username字段後面，默認只能添加在某個字段之後，而不能用before
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)                
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [lcl]> SELECT * FROM user;
+----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------+
| username | age  | password                                  | class |
+----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------+
| alice    | NULL | *4F5CCA657BD61D1C1127E5C4EA3B0EE4A9841B85 | NULL  |
+----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> UPDATE user SET password='123' WHERE username='alice';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [lcl]> SELECT * FROM user;    ##密碼沒有經過加密
+----------+------+----------+-------+
| username | age  | password | class |
+----------+------+----------+-------+
| alice    | NULL | 123      | NULL  |
+----------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> ALTER TABLE user RENAME redhat;  ##更改表的名字爲redhat
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> SELECT * FROM redhat;
+----------+------+----------+-------+
| username | age  | password | class |
+----------+------+----------+-------+
| alice    | NULL | 123      | NULL  |
+----------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3、刪除

MariaDB [lcl]> DELETE FROM redhat WHERE username='alice'; ##刪除alice數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> SELECT * FROM redhat;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> DROP TABLE redhat;   ##刪除表redhat
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

MariaDB [lcl]> DROP DATABASE lcl;   ##刪除庫lcl
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;   ##可以看出已經刪除
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4、用戶的授權

MariaDB [(none)]> USE mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> CREATE user lcl@localhost identified by 'redhat';  ##創建lcl用戶，並且設置密碼爲redhat,@localhost表示只能在本地登陸
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> GRANT SELECT,INSERT on lcl.* to lcl@localhost;   ##授予lcl用戶SELECT,INSERT權限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW GRANTS for lcl@localhost; ##列出lcl用戶的權限，和設置的相符合
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for lcl@localhost                                                                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'lcl'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON `lcl`.* TO 'lcl'@'localhost'                                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> REVOKE INSERT on lcl.* from lcl@localhost; ##去掉lcl用戶的insert權限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW GRANTS for lcl@localhost; ##lcl用戶此時只剩下SELECT權限
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for lcl@localhost                                                                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'lcl'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `lcl`.* TO 'lcl'@'localhost'                                                               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5、數據庫的備份與恢復

備份
[root@station ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p0618 lcl > /mnt/redhat.sql #將lcl庫備份到/mnt/redhat.sql文件中
mysqldump -uroot -plcl redhat –no-data ##將redhat庫的框架進行備份，不備份數據
mysqldump -uroot -plcl –all-database ##將所有數據庫的內容和框架進行備份
mysqldump -uroot -plcl –all-database –no-data ##將所有數據庫的框架進行備份，不備份數據
恢復

方法一：
[root@station ~]# mysql -uroot -p0618 -e "CREATE DATABASE redhat;"  ##進入數據庫並創建redhat庫
[root@station ~]# mysql -uroot -p0618 redhat < /mnt/redhat.sql  ##從/mnt/redhat.sql文件中將文件內容導入redhat庫中
[root@station ~]# mysql -uroot -p0618
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| lcl                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| redhat             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> USE redhat;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [redhat]> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_redhat |
+------------------+
| redhat           |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [redhat]> SELECT * FROM redhat;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| alice    | 123      |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

此時恢復成功

方法二：
MariaDB [redhat]> DROP TABLE redhat;    ##先將表刪除
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

MariaDB [redhat]> DROP DATABASE redhat; ##刪除庫
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@station ~]# vim /mnt/redhat.sql   ##修改備份文件
 21 CREATE DATABASE redhat;             ##創建庫
 22 USE redhat;                         ##使用庫
 23 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `redhat`;      ##這行本身就有，是想說明在哪裏添加
[root@station ~]# mysql -uroot -p0618 < /mnt/redhat.sql
##此時進入數據庫查看就會發現恢復成功

四）phpmyadmin數據庫圖形化管理

下載phpadmin軟件包
yum install php php-mysql -y
systemctl restart httpd
tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2 -C /var/www/html/ ##記得解壓到htpp的默認目錄中，這樣可以通過瀏覽器查看
mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages/ phpadmin ##因爲默認名稱太長，不利於瀏覽器查看，所以換了個名字
cd phpadmin ##裏面有README文件，可以通過查看安裝方法安裝，具體方法如下：
cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
vim Documentation.txt
139 $cfg[‘blowfish_secret’] = ‘ba17c1ec07d65003’; ##將這一行引號中的內容複製到config.inc.php中
vim config.inc.php
17 $cfg[‘blowfish_secret’] = ‘ba17c1ec07d65003’;
systemctl restart httpd

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mariadb

MariaDB數據庫的安裝與配置

一、安裝

二、基本配置

一）安全初始化

1、默認情況下，數據庫端口是打開的，其他主機可以通過打開的端口來進行訪問，所以先將端口關閉

2、數據庫的設定初始狀態是不安全的，所以需要設定密碼

二）密碼設置

1、更改密碼

2、當超級用戶密碼忘記，不能登陸數據庫時

三）數據庫的管理

1、建立、查詢

2、更改

3、刪除

4、用戶的授權

5、數據庫的備份與恢復

四）phpmyadmin數據庫圖形化管理

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