IDEA創建基於Maven的web項目

1、先創建一個基本的Maven項目。基礎的maven項目結構如下：

2、File-》Project Structure

3、新增Web模塊

4、create Artifact

5、OK

6、自動生成web目錄，新項目結構

7、Run -》Edit Configurations

8、Add -》Tomcat Server -》Local

9、設置Tomcat路徑

10、添加部署項目

11、配置項目根路徑

12、添加spring依賴，配置log4j，最終項目結構

12、運行項目，訪問項目url

發生異常：ClassNotFoundException…
解決：手動“Put into Output Root”（貌似每次添加maven依賴都要操作一下）

相關配置文件

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.markix</groupId>
    <artifactId>web</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.3.25.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <javax.servlet-api.version>3.1.0</javax.servlet-api.version>
        <logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring AOP -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring ORM -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- servlet api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>${javax.servlet-api.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 資源文件拷貝插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.7</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- java編譯插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--<web-app version="4.0"
         xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
>-->
<web-app version="3.0"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
>
<!--<web-app version="2.5"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
>-->

    <display-name>web-project-demo</display-name>
    <description>Demo項目</description>


    <!-- 配置監聽器:加載spring的ioc容器（加載spring配置文件） -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            classpath:spring/spring.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>


    <!-- 配置spring前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <!-- 配置攔截器，解決中文編碼問題 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>



    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd">

    <!-- SpringMVC 僅掃描 Controller組件 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.markix.controller" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <!-- 自動配置請求處理映射器和請求處理適配器 -->
    <!-- RequestMappingHandlerMapping / RequestMappingHandlerAdapter -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 視圖解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 配置返回頁面路徑前綴prefix、後綴suffix
        Controller類中返回的視圖路徑前綴/後綴可省略-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=""></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd">

	<context:component-scan base-package="com.markix">
		<!-- Spring 容器中不掃描 Controller組件 -->
		<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
	</context:component-scan>

</beans>

log4j.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">

<log4j:configuration >

    <appender name="STDOUT" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %5p [%t] [%c:%L] - %m%n" />
            <!--
%p: 輸出日誌信息優先級，即DEBUG，INFO，WARN，ERROR，FATAL,
%d: 輸出日誌時間點的日期或時間，默認格式爲ISO8601，也可以在其後指定格式，比如：%d{yyy MMM dd HH:mm:ss,SSS}，輸出類似：2002年10月18日 22：10：28，921
%r: 輸出自應用啓動到輸出該log信息耗費的毫秒數
%c: 輸出日誌信息所屬的類目，通常就是所在類的全名
%t: 輸出產生該日誌事件的線程名
%l: 輸出日誌事件的發生位置，相當於%C.%M(%F:%L)的組合,包括類目名、發生的線程，以及在代碼中的行數。舉例：Testlog4.main(TestLog4.java:10)
%x: 輸出和當前線程相關聯的NDC(嵌套診斷環境),尤其用到像java servlets這樣的多客戶多線程的應用中。
%%: 輸出一個”%”字符
%F: 輸出日誌消息產生時所在的文件名稱
%L: 輸出代碼中的行號
%m: 輸出代碼中指定的消息,產生的日誌具體信息
%n: 輸出一個回車換行符，Windows平臺爲”\r\n”，Unix平臺爲”\n”輸出日誌信息換行
            -->
        </layout>
    </appender>

    <appender name="FILE" class="org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender">
        <!-- 設置日誌輸出文件名 -->
        <param name="File" value="/logs/console.log" />
        <param name="Append" value="true" />
        <!--<param name="encoding" value="UTF-8" />-->
        <param name="MaxFileSize" value="10MB" />
        <param name="MaxBackupIndex" value="10" />

        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %5p [%t] [%c:%L] - %m%n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>


    <root >
        <level value="debug"/>
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
        <!--<appender-ref ref="FILE" />-->
    </root>

</log4j:configuration>

完

markix

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