Handler、Looper、Message、MessageQune之間的原理

說到sendMessage,開發中用的比較多,是Handler的方法,而Handler的機制,在整個Android系統中的應用非常廣泛,當然,也是面試中經常問到的知識點,過一過源碼,在此梳理下,

首先,一般使用Handler代碼是這樣的,如下:

   Handler handler = new Handler(){
      public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
          Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();
      }
  };
   //發送消息
   handler.sendMessage(msg);

那麼,整個機制的具體流程是怎樣的呢?先看下Handler

Handler.java

     public Handler() {
        this(null, false);
     }
    public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        //...省略...
        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
     mAsynchronous = async;
    }

我們經常使用Handler的默認構造函數,創建Handler對象,默認構造函數內,會調用帶參數的構造函數,顯然 ,這裏的callbcak,mCallback爲null,asyn,mAsynchronous

爲false,Looper的myLooper方法執行後,mLooper初始化完成,這裏,可以從mLooper中獲取對應的一個mQueue,也就是MessageQune

下面,就來了解下Looper的創建

1.Looper的創建:

Looper.java

    private static Looper sMainLooper;

    public static void prepareMainLooper() {
        prepare(false);
        synchronized (Looper.class) {
            if (sMainLooper != null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
            }
            sMainLooper = myLooper();
        }
    }
 
    public static void prepare() {
        prepare(true);
    }

   public static Looper myLooper() { return sThreadLocal.get(); }
    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }

    private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
    mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
    mThread = Thread.currentThread();
    }

看完這段,大致瞭解到,上面Handler的構造方法中,調用LoopermyLooper()方法來獲取Looper對象,myLooper()內部關係到sThreadLocal變量,通過get()方法得到Looper。同

時,我們發現在prepare(quitAllowed)的方法內部,sThreadLocal通過set設置了新的Looper實例來保存,這樣,我們知道了sThreadLocal實際上是用來存儲Looper對象的,並且是一

個線程只能對應一個Looper,如下:

    // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();

註釋的含義大致是,只有我們調用了prepare()方法,sThreadLocal纔會返回Looper對象,否則爲null。那麼,我們可以這樣理解,prepare()的調用,能夠創建Looper對象,同時創

建了mQueueMessageQune對象),而其內部調用prepare(quitAllowed)prepareMainLooper也調用了prepare(quitAllowed),而且,prepare()prepareMainLooper()全部是public

static 修飾的,這說明,它們是專門供外部來調用從而獲取Looper對象的。事實果真是如此嗎?先來看下,省略部分無關代碼,如下:

ActivityThread.java

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //...
        Looper.prepareMainLooper();
        //...
        Looper.loop();
        //...
    }

的確,在ActivityThreadmain方法執行了prepareMainLooper()loop()也被執行,而main方法是系統調用,同時,也就是說,系統預先幫我們創建好了Looper對象,並且開

啓輪詢。至於prepare(),也有用到,我們可以在子線程中使用Looper.prepare()Looper.loop(),創建自己的Looper。記住,一定要先prepare,要知道,巧婦難成無米之炊,

體會下吧。到此,Looper的創建過程以及基本瞭解

接着來看loop()是內部是如何的

2.Looper的輪詢:

    public static void loop() {
        final Looper me = myLooper();
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
        //...
        for (;;) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {
                return;
            }
            //...
            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

            //...
            msg.recycleUnchecked();
        }
    }

我們注意到loop()的內部,先是獲取到Looper對象,通過Looper得到對應的MessageQune,也就是mQueue

接下來是無限的循環,不斷的從mQueue消息隊列中取消息,如果沒有取到,消息爲null,不再向下執行,繼續循環取,一旦取到Message,就會通過Messagetarget,派發

消息,之後對已派發的Message進行回收

target實際上就是Handler,後面還會看到,在此說明下

關於消息的回收,是對消息的相關參數進行出廠設置,也就是,將參數設置爲null或者0,但是,消息對象還在,沒有銷燬,可以重複利用,這點也可以從Messageobtain()

法驗證

好了,經過上面兩個步驟,我們的Looper創建好了,也開始工作了,儘管是系統幫忙的,但是我們可以發消息了,繼續看Message的發送過程

3.Handler發送消息到MessageQune:

    public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
    }

    public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    }

    public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

以上的過程是在Handler中完成的,消息發出後可以根據返回值,判斷是否發送成功,繼續看

    private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        msg.target = this;
        //...
        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

這裏是上面提到的target,是this,就是當前Handler對象,也就是說,Handler發送消息時,綁定了自己,爲什麼綁定自己呢?這跟誰污染誰治理的原則是一樣的,當然,沒那

麼嚴重,是誰發送消息,就是誰處理消息,始終唯一

接下倆,就是將Messager進行編隊,入列的過程

4.MessageQueueMessage入列:

MessageQueue.java

    boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
        if (msg.target == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
        }
        if (msg.isInUse()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            if (mQuitting) {
                IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
                        msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
                Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
                msg.recycle();
                return false;
            }

            msg.markInUse();
            msg.when = when;
            Message p = mMessages;
            boolean needWake;
            if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
                // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
                msg.next = p;
                mMessages = msg;
                needWake = mBlocked;
            } else {
                // Inserted within the middle of the queue.  Usually we don't have to wake
                // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
                // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
                needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
                Message prev;
                for (;;) {
                    prev = p;
                    p = p.next;
                    if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                        needWake = false;
                    }
                }
                msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
                prev.next = msg;
            }

            // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
            if (needWake) {
                nativeWake(mPtr);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
可以看到,內部有個無限循環,爲什麼要無限循環呢?因爲MessageQune是很被動的,它不知道什麼時候會有消息要加入,纔會不斷循環,只要有Message消息進來,就會將

Message進行編隊,沒有就跳出循環。接下來,終於等到派發Message消息,如下:Message的消息分發到Handler

msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

這句代碼是在loop()中執行的,爲了說明,最終Message是派發給當初負責發送它的Handler對象的,有點物歸原主的含義,可以體會下

下面,看Handler如何回調handMessage

5.Handler回調方法處理消息:

Handler.java

    /**
     * Handle system messages here.
     */
    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

Handler對象創建時,mCallBacknullcallBack也爲null,消息派發後,就調用handMessage方法,

文章開頭,重寫的handMessage方法

    Handler handler = new Handler(){
      public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
          Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();
      }
    };

經過上面的幾個過程,handMessage方法被調用,吐司最終展示在UI界面上

好啦,以上就是HandlerLooperMessageQueue之間的關係描述,收拾下,吃飯了...


發佈了41 篇原創文章 · 獲贊 18 · 訪問量 12萬+
發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章