先說說ListView是如何實現addHeaderView的

在谷歌推出RecyclerView之後，由於其強大的解耦和定製能力等優勢，現在項目中已經基本採用RecyclerView來替代傳統的ListView了，不過RecyclerView並沒有提供之前ListView中應用非常廣泛的addHeaderView和addFooterView方法。今天首先來分析一下傳統的ListView是如何實現的，之後會基於這種思路來討論如何爲RecyclerView添加這個功能。

/**
     * A class that represents a fixed view in a list, for example a header at the top
     * or a footer at the bottom.
     */
    public class FixedViewInfo {
        /** The view to add to the list */
        public View view;
        /** The data backing the view. This is returned from {@link ListAdapter#getItem(int)}. */
        public Object data;
        /** <code>true</code> if the fixed view should be selectable in the list */
        public boolean isSelectable;
    }

    ArrayList<FixedViewInfo> mHeaderViewInfos = Lists.newArrayList();
    ArrayList<FixedViewInfo> mFooterViewInfos = Lists.newArrayList();

首先從ListView的成員變量中可以看到創建了一個專門保存頭部信息的類FixedViewInfo ，同時創建了兩個List ：mHeaderViewInfos ，mFooterViewInfos 來保存對應的信息。

/**
     * Add a fixed view to appear at the top of the list. If this method is
     * called more than once, the views will appear in the order they were
     * added. Views added using this call can take focus if they want.
     * <p>
     * Note: When first introduced, this method could only be called before
     * setting the adapter with {@link #setAdapter(ListAdapter)}. Starting with
     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#KITKAT}, this method may be
     * called at any time. If the ListView's adapter does not extend
     * {@link HeaderViewListAdapter}, it will be wrapped with a supporting
     * instance of {@link WrapperListAdapter}.
     *
     * @param v The view to add.
     * @param data Data to associate with this view
     * @param isSelectable whether the item is selectable
     */
    public void addHeaderView(View v, Object data, boolean isSelectable) {
        final FixedViewInfo info = new FixedViewInfo();
        info.view = v;
        info.data = data;
        info.isSelectable = isSelectable;
        mHeaderViewInfos.add(info);
        mAreAllItemsSelectable &= isSelectable;

        // Wrap the adapter if it wasn't already wrapped.
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            if (!(mAdapter instanceof HeaderViewListAdapter)) {
                wrapHeaderListAdapterInternal();
            }

            // In the case of re-adding a header view, or adding one later on,
            // we need to notify the observer.
            if (mDataSetObserver != null) {
                mDataSetObserver.onChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * Add a fixed view to appear at the top of the list. If addHeaderView is
     * called more than once, the views will appear in the order they were
     * added. Views added using this call can take focus if they want.
     * <p>
     * Note: When first introduced, this method could only be called before
     * setting the adapter with {@link #setAdapter(ListAdapter)}. Starting with
     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#KITKAT}, this method may be
     * called at any time. If the ListView's adapter does not extend
     * {@link HeaderViewListAdapter}, it will be wrapped with a supporting
     * instance of {@link WrapperListAdapter}.
     *
     * @param v The view to add.
     */
    public void addHeaderView(View v) {
        addHeaderView(v, null, true);
    }

在addHeaderView方法內部可以看到首先創建了一個FixedViewInfo 對象，然後將其添加到mHeaderViewInfos中。然後下面的代碼非常關鍵：

// Wrap the adapter if it wasn't already wrapped.
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            if (!(mAdapter instanceof HeaderViewListAdapter)) {
                wrapHeaderListAdapterInternal();
            }

            // In the case of re-adding a header view, or adding one later on,
            // we need to notify the observer.
            if (mDataSetObserver != null) {
                mDataSetObserver.onChanged();
            }
        }

首先判斷成員變量mAdapter 是不是一個HeaderViewListAdapter ，如果不是的話就調用wrapHeaderListAdapterInternal();創建一個HeaderViewListAdapter 。

protected void wrapHeaderListAdapterInternal() {
        mAdapter = wrapHeaderListAdapterInternal(mHeaderViewInfos, mFooterViewInfos, mAdapter);
    }
    protected HeaderViewListAdapter wrapHeaderListAdapterInternal(
            ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo> headerViewInfos,
            ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo> footerViewInfos,
            ListAdapter adapter) {
        return new HeaderViewListAdapter(headerViewInfos, footerViewInfos, adapter);
    }

原來如果我們添加了header或者footer，listview內部實際上會創建一個new HeaderViewListAdapter，這是一個裝飾者模式，那相應的奧祕顯然就應該在HeaderViewListAdapter中了。

/**
 * ListAdapter used when a ListView has header views. This ListAdapter
 * wraps another one and also keeps track of the header views and their
 * associated data objects.
 *<p>This is intended as a base class; you will probably not need to
 * use this class directly in your own code.
 */
public class HeaderViewListAdapter implements WrapperListAdapter, Filterable {

    private final ListAdapter mAdapter;

    // These two ArrayList are assumed to NOT be null.
    // They are indeed created when declared in ListView and then shared.
    ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo> mHeaderViewInfos;
    ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo> mFooterViewInfos;

    // Used as a placeholder in case the provided info views are indeed null.
    // Currently only used by some CTS tests, which may be removed.
    static final ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo> EMPTY_INFO_LIST =
        new ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo>();

    boolean mAreAllFixedViewsSelectable;

    private final boolean mIsFilterable;

    public HeaderViewListAdapter(ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo> headerViewInfos,
                                 ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo> footerViewInfos,
                                 ListAdapter adapter) {
        mAdapter = adapter;
        mIsFilterable = adapter instanceof Filterable;

        if (headerViewInfos == null) {
            mHeaderViewInfos = EMPTY_INFO_LIST;
        } else {
            mHeaderViewInfos = headerViewInfos;
        }

        if (footerViewInfos == null) {
            mFooterViewInfos = EMPTY_INFO_LIST;
        } else {
            mFooterViewInfos = footerViewInfos;
        }

        mAreAllFixedViewsSelectable =
                areAllListInfosSelectable(mHeaderViewInfos)
                && areAllListInfosSelectable(mFooterViewInfos);
    }

    public int getHeadersCount() {
        return mHeaderViewInfos.size();
    }

    public int getFootersCount() {
        return mFooterViewInfos.size();
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return mAdapter == null || mAdapter.isEmpty();
    }

    private boolean areAllListInfosSelectable(ArrayList<ListView.FixedViewInfo> infos) {
        if (infos != null) {
            for (ListView.FixedViewInfo info : infos) {
                if (!info.isSelectable) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public boolean removeHeader(View v) {
        for (int i = 0; i < mHeaderViewInfos.size(); i++) {
            ListView.FixedViewInfo info = mHeaderViewInfos.get(i);
            if (info.view == v) {
                mHeaderViewInfos.remove(i);

                mAreAllFixedViewsSelectable =
                        areAllListInfosSelectable(mHeaderViewInfos)
                        && areAllListInfosSelectable(mFooterViewInfos);

                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    public boolean removeFooter(View v) {
        for (int i = 0; i < mFooterViewInfos.size(); i++) {
            ListView.FixedViewInfo info = mFooterViewInfos.get(i);
            if (info.view == v) {
                mFooterViewInfos.remove(i);

                mAreAllFixedViewsSelectable =
                        areAllListInfosSelectable(mHeaderViewInfos)
                        && areAllListInfosSelectable(mFooterViewInfos);

                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    public int getCount() {
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            return getFootersCount() + getHeadersCount() + mAdapter.getCount();
        } else {
            return getFootersCount() + getHeadersCount();
        }
    }

    public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            return mAreAllFixedViewsSelectable && mAdapter.areAllItemsEnabled();
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    public boolean isEnabled(int position) {
        // Header (negative positions will throw an IndexOutOfBoundsException)
        int numHeaders = getHeadersCount();
        if (position < numHeaders) {
            return mHeaderViewInfos.get(position).isSelectable;
        }

        // Adapter
        final int adjPosition = position - numHeaders;
        int adapterCount = 0;
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            adapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
            if (adjPosition < adapterCount) {
                return mAdapter.isEnabled(adjPosition);
            }
        }

        // Footer (off-limits positions will throw an IndexOutOfBoundsException)
        return mFooterViewInfos.get(adjPosition - adapterCount).isSelectable;
    }

    public Object getItem(int position) {
        // Header (negative positions will throw an IndexOutOfBoundsException)
        int numHeaders = getHeadersCount();
        if (position < numHeaders) {
            return mHeaderViewInfos.get(position).data;
        }

        // Adapter
        final int adjPosition = position - numHeaders;
        int adapterCount = 0;
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            adapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
            if (adjPosition < adapterCount) {
                return mAdapter.getItem(adjPosition);
            }
        }

        // Footer (off-limits positions will throw an IndexOutOfBoundsException)
        return mFooterViewInfos.get(adjPosition - adapterCount).data;
    }

    public long getItemId(int position) {
        int numHeaders = getHeadersCount();
        if (mAdapter != null && position >= numHeaders) {
            int adjPosition = position - numHeaders;
            int adapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
            if (adjPosition < adapterCount) {
                return mAdapter.getItemId(adjPosition);
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    public boolean hasStableIds() {
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            return mAdapter.hasStableIds();
        }
        return false;
    }

    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        // Header (negative positions will throw an IndexOutOfBoundsException)
        int numHeaders = getHeadersCount();
        if (position < numHeaders) {
            return mHeaderViewInfos.get(position).view;
        }

        // Adapter
        final int adjPosition = position - numHeaders;
        int adapterCount = 0;
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            adapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
            if (adjPosition < adapterCount) {
                return mAdapter.getView(adjPosition, convertView, parent);
            }
        }

        // Footer (off-limits positions will throw an IndexOutOfBoundsException)
        return mFooterViewInfos.get(adjPosition - adapterCount).view;
    }

    public int getItemViewType(int position) {
        int numHeaders = getHeadersCount();
        if (mAdapter != null && position >= numHeaders) {
            int adjPosition = position - numHeaders;
            int adapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
            if (adjPosition < adapterCount) {
                return mAdapter.getItemViewType(adjPosition);
            }
        }

        return AdapterView.ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER_OR_FOOTER;
    }

    public int getViewTypeCount() {
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            return mAdapter.getViewTypeCount();
        }
        return 1;
    }

    public void registerDataSetObserver(DataSetObserver observer) {
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            mAdapter.registerDataSetObserver(observer);
        }
    }

    public void unregisterDataSetObserver(DataSetObserver observer) {
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            mAdapter.unregisterDataSetObserver(observer);
        }
    }

    public Filter getFilter() {
        if (mIsFilterable) {
            return ((Filterable) mAdapter).getFilter();
        }
        return null;
    }

    public ListAdapter getWrappedAdapter() {
        return mAdapter;
    }
}

其實看到這裏應該已經比較清晰了，比如getItemViewType方法，如果position是header或者footer的位置就返回AdapterView.ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER_OR_FOOTER，反則返回內部mAdapter.getItemViewType(adjPosition)，這裏計算的adjPosition是對內部mAdapter的位置校正。

public int getItemViewType(int position) {
        int numHeaders = getHeadersCount();
        if (mAdapter != null && position >= numHeaders) {
            int adjPosition = position - numHeaders;
            int adapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
            if (adjPosition < adapterCount) {
                return mAdapter.getItemViewType(adjPosition);
            }
        }

        return AdapterView.ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER_OR_FOOTER;
    }

再看listview的最重要的方法getView 方法：

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        // Header (negative positions will throw an IndexOutOfBoundsException)
        int numHeaders = getHeadersCount();
        if (position < numHeaders) {
            return mHeaderViewInfos.get(position).view;
        }

        // Adapter
        final int adjPosition = position - numHeaders;
        int adapterCount = 0;
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            adapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
            if (adjPosition < adapterCount) {
                return mAdapter.getView(adjPosition, convertView, parent);
            }
        }

        // Footer (off-limits positions will throw an IndexOutOfBoundsException)
        return mFooterViewInfos.get(adjPosition - adapterCount).view;
    }

可以看到如果position是header或footer的位置，則返回mHeaderViewInfos或者mFooterViewInfos對應的view，否則返回內部的mAdapter.getView(adjPosition, convertView, parent)方法。

addFooterView的原理是類似的，就不展開分析了，可以看到通過裝飾者模式，listview會在添加頭部或者尾部的時候構造HeaderViewListAdapter，而這一切我們在使用的時候竟毫不知情。listview的實現方式讓我們在添加header和footer的時候不需要對我們自定義的adapter做任何的改變，這就是我們所需要的，下一篇我們就仿照listview的方式來爲recycle人view實現addHeaderView功能。