閱讀源碼的能力還是太菜，光理解HashMap的數據結構就花了我大半天的時間。JDK1.8中的HashMap的數據結構採用了數組、單向鏈表和紅黑樹組合的形式。
一、數據結構
數組中保存的是鏈表的首節點，當鏈表的數量大於8時，就會將鏈表結構轉換爲紅黑樹結構。否則採用單向鏈表的結構進行操作。
通過分析可以得到HashMap的key和value可以爲Null，但是key不允許重複，如果key相同，新的value值會自動覆蓋原先的value值。
1.1 單向鏈表
每個節點中保存了hash，key，value和下一個節點，所以爲單項鍊表。
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
V value;
Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return value; }
public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
//設置value值，返回舊的value值
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
//判斷兩Entry是否相等，只有key和value同時相等時，纔會返回true
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
1.2 數組
//該表首先使用初始化，並根據需要調整大小。 分配時，長度總是2的冪。
//定義數組結構
transient Node<K,V>[] table;
1.3 紅黑樹：
紅黑樹結構太麻煩，就不予贅述。
二、底層操作
對於節點的操作通常是先通過key的hashcode獲取鏈表的首節點或紅黑樹中的節點在數組中的位置，然後判斷該節點爲紅黑樹結構還是鏈表結構，採用相應的方法獲取節點，進行操作。
2.1 putMapEntries():
//實現Map.putAll和Map構造函數
final void putMapEntries(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m, boolean evict) {
int s = m.size();
if (s > 0) {
if (table == null) { // pre-size
float ft = ((float)s / loadFactor) + 1.0F;
int t = ((ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
(int)ft : MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
if (t > threshold)
threshold = tableSizeFor(t);
}
else if (s > threshold)
resize();
for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
K key = e.getKey();
V value = e.getValue();
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, evict);
}
}
}
2.2 getNode(int hash, Object key):
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
//(length-1) &hash得到對象的保存位
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first.hash == hash && ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) //總是檢查第一個節點
return first;
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
//如果第一個節點是TreeNode,說明採用的是數組+紅黑樹結構處理衝突遍歷紅黑樹，得到節點值
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}
2.3 putVal()：
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent , boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else {
Node<K,V> e; K k;
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);//將鏈表節點轉換爲紅黑樹節點
break;
}
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
++modCount;
if (++size > threshold)
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
2.4 resize()：
初始化HashMap的大小，或擴容爲原來的2倍
final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length; //數組長度
int oldThr = threshold; //臨界值
int newCap, newThr = 0;
if (oldCap > 0) {
//如果原始數組的長度大於最大容量，則將臨界值設置爲Integer設置爲最大值
if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return oldTab;
}
//先將新數組的容量設置爲舊數組容量的兩倍
//如果新數組的容量小於最大容量，並且舊數組容量大於等於缺省值容量，將臨界值也擴大爲原來的兩倍
else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
}
else if (oldThr > 0) //初始容量被設置爲臨界值
newCap = oldThr;
else { // 零初始臨界值表示使用默認值
newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
if (newThr == 0) { //計算新的臨界值
float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
(int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
threshold = newThr; //將臨界值設置爲新的臨界值
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
//擴容之後對數組內容進行處理
Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
table = newTab;
if (oldTab != null) {
//遍歷整個數組，將非空元素進行復制
for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
oldTab[j] = null;
//如果鏈表中只有一個元素，就直接進行賦值
if (e.next == null)
newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
//如果爲紅黑樹結構，就調用紅黑樹進行操作
else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
//對鏈表元素進行復制操作
else { // preserve order
Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
Node<K,V> next;
do {
next = e.next;
if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
if (loTail == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
}
else {
if (hiTail == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
}
} while ((e = next) != null);
//將鏈表的尾節點的next元素設置爲空
if (loTail != null) {
loTail.next = null;
newTab[j] = loHead;
}
if (hiTail != null) {
hiTail.next = null;
newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
}
}
}
}
}
return newTab;
}
final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int hash) {
int n, index; Node<K,V> e;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
resize();
else if ((e = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
do {
TreeNode<K,V> p = replacementTreeNode(e, null);
if (tl == null)
hd = p;
else {
p.prev = tl;
tl.next = p;
}
tl = p;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
if ((tab[index] = hd) != null)
hd.treeify(tab);
}
}
2.6 removeNode()：
remove方法與getnode方法實現方法類似，首先獲取節點，然後對節點進行操作，最後返回刪除節點的value
final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
node = p;
else if ((e = p.next) != null) {
if (p instanceof TreeNode)
node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key ||
(key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
node = e;
break;
}
p = e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
(value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
if (node instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
else if (node == p)
tab[index] = node.next;
else
p.next = node.next;
++modCount;
--size;
afterNodeRemoval(node);
return node;
}
}
return null;
}
2.7 clear()和containValue():
這兩個方法類似，使用雙重循環結構分別遍歷數組和鏈表來獲取節點。
public void clear() {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
modCount++;
if ((tab = table) != null && size > 0) {
size = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i)
tab[i] = null;
}
}
public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; V v;
if ((tab = table) != null && size > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
if ((v = e.value) == value ||
(value != null && value.equals(v)))
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
三、實現的主要方法：
這些實現的方法，主要是通過調用底層操作實現。
//返回指定鍵映射到的值，如果此映射不包含鍵的映射，則返回defaultValue。
public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? defaultValue : e.value;
}
//如果指定的鍵還沒有與值相關聯（或映射到null）將其與給定值相關聯並返回null，否則返回當前值。
public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, true, true);
}
//只有當目標映射到指定的值時，才能刪除指定鍵的條目。
public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
return removeNode(hash(key), key, value, true, true) != null;
}
//僅噹噹前映射到指定的值時，才能替換指定鍵的條目。
public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
Node<K,V> e; V v;
if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null &&
((v = e.value) == oldValue || (v != null && v.equals(oldValue)))) {
e.value = newValue;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return true;
}
return false;
}
//只有當目標映射到某個值時，才能替換指定鍵的條目。
public V replace(K key, V value) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
return null;
}
//如果指定的鍵尚未與值相關聯（或映射到null），則嘗試使用給定的映射函數計算其值，並將其輸入到此映射中，除非爲null。
public V computeIfAbsent(K key,
Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
if (mappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
V oldValue;
if (old != null && (oldValue = old.value) != null) {
afterNodeAccess(old);
return oldValue;
}
}
V v = mappingFunction.apply(key);
if (v == null) {
return null;
} else if (old != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
return v;
}
else if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, v);
else {
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, v, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
return v;
}
//如果指定的鍵的值存在且非空，則嘗試計算給定鍵的新映射及其當前映射的值。
public V computeIfPresent(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V> e; V oldValue;
int hash = hash(key);
if ((e = getNode(hash, key)) != null &&
(oldValue = e.value) != null) {
V v = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (v != null) {
e.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return v;
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
}
return null;
}
//嘗試計算指定密鑰及其當前映射值的映射（如果沒有當前映射，則爲null）。
public V compute(K key,
BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
V oldValue = (old == null) ? null : old.value;
V v = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (old != null) {
if (v != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
}
else if (v != null) {
if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, v);
else {
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, v, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
}
return v;
}
//如果指定的鍵尚未與值相關聯或與null相關聯，則將其與給定的非空值相關聯。
public V merge(K key, V value,
BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (value == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
if (old != null) {
V v;
if (old.value != null)
v = remappingFunction.apply(old.value, value);
else
v = value;
if (v != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
return v;
}
if (value != null) {
if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
}
return value;
}
//對此映射中的每個條目執行給定的操作，直到所有條目都被處理或操作引發異常。
public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
action.accept(e.key, e.value);
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
//將每個條目的值替換爲對該條目調用給定函數的結果，直到所有條目都被處理或該函數拋出異常。
public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (function == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
e.value = function.apply(e.key, e.value);
}
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
//創建這個散列表的淺拷貝。
public Object clone() {
HashMap<K,V> result;
try {
result = (HashMap<K,V>)super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable
throw new InternalError(e);
}
result.reinitialize();
result.putMapEntries(this, false);
return result;
}
