ORACLE SQL：經典查詢練手第三篇

本文使用ORACLE自帶的人力資源（HR）實例數據，本文所用表結構如下：

HR.EMPLOYEES員工表結構如下：

HR.DEPARTMENTS表結構如下：

HR.REGIONS表結構如下：

SQL> DESC HR.REGIONS;
Name        Type         Nullable Default Comments
----------- ------------ -------- ------- --------
REGION_ID   NUMBER                                
REGION_NAME VARCHAR2(25) Y

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用SQL完成以下問題列表：

1. 讓SELECT TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99') FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE  ROWNUM < 5 輸出結果的貨幣單位是￥和$。

2. 列出前五位每個員工的名字，工資、漲薪後的的工資（漲幅爲8%），以“元”爲單位進行四捨五入。

3. 找出誰是最高領導，將名字按大寫形式顯示。

4. 找出First_Name 爲David，Last_Name爲Austin 的直接領導名字。

5. First_Name 爲Alexander，Last_Name爲Hunold領導誰。（誰向David 報告）。

6. 哪些員工的工資高於他直接上司的工資，列出員工的名字和工資，上司的名字和工資。

7. 哪些員工和Chen(LAST_NAME)同部門。

8. 哪些員工跟De Haan(LAST_NAME)做一樣職位。

9. 哪些員工跟Hall(LAST_NAME)不在同一個部門。

10. 哪些員工跟William（FIRST_NAME）、Smith(LAST_NAME)做不一樣的職位。

11. 顯示有提成的員工的信息：名字、提成、所在部門名稱、所在地區的名稱。

12. 顯示Executive部門有哪些職位。

13. 整個公司中，最高工資和最低工資相差多少。

14. 提成大於0 的人數。

15. 顯示整個公司的最高工資、最低工資、工資總和、平均工資保留到整數位。

16. 整個公司有多少個領導。

17. 列出在同一部門入職日期晚但工資高於其他同事的員工：名字、工資、入職日期。

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各試題解答如下（歡迎大家指出不同的方法或建議！）：

/*--------1、改變NLS_LANG 的值，讓SELECT TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99') FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE ROWNUM < 5 輸出結果的貨幣單位是￥和$。---------*/
-----在沒有設置NLS_LANG的情況下：

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99')
   2  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE ROWNUM < 5;

TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99')
----------------------------
         ￥24,000.00
         ￥20,000.00
         ￥20,000.00
          ￥9,000.00

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SALARY,'$99,999.99')
   2  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE ROWNUM < 5;

TO_CHAR(SALARY,'$99,999.99')
----------------------------
$24,000.00
$20,000.00
$20,000.00
  $9,000.00

/*--說明：對於'$99,999.99'格式符：
L：表示強制顯示當地貨幣符號
$: 表示顯示美元符號
9: 表示一個數字
0: 表示強制0顯示
.: 表示一個小數點
,: 表示一個千位分隔符
--------------*/

/*--------2、列出前五位每個員工的名字，工資、漲薪後的的工資（漲幅爲8%），以“元”爲單位進行四捨五入。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME,SALARY,ROUND(SALARY * 1.08) FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   2  WHERE ROWNUM <=5;

FIRST_NAME               SALARY ROUND(SALARY*1.08)
-------------------- ---------- ------------------
Steven                 24000.00              25920
Neena                  20000.00              21600
Lex                    20000.00              21600
Alexander               9000.00               9720
Bruce                   6000.00               6480

/*--------3、找出誰是最高領導，將名字按大寫形式顯示。---------*/
SQL> SELECT UPPER(FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME) AS NAME
   2  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE MANAGER_ID IS NULL;

NAME
----------------------------------------------
STEVEN KING

/*--------4、找出David 的直接領導的名字。---------*/
SQL> SELECT UPPER(FIRST_NAME ||' ' || LAST_NAME) AS NAME
   2  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID IN(
   4  SELECT MANAGER_ID FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   5  WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'David' AND LAST_NAME = 'Austin');

NAME
----------------------------------------------
ALEXANDER HUNOLD

--或採用以下方法

SQL> SELECT UPPER( EMP1.FIRST_NAME ||' ' ||  EMP1.LAST_NAME) AS NAME
   2  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES EMP1,HR.EMPLOYEES EMP2
   3  WHERE EMP1.EMPLOYEE_ID = EMP2.MANAGER_ID
   4  AND EMP2.FIRST_NAME = 'David' AND EMP2.LAST_NAME =  'Austin';

NAME
----------------------------------------------
ALEXANDER HUNOLD

/*--------5、First_Name 爲Alexander，LAST_NAME爲Hunold領導誰。（誰向David 報告）。---------*/
SQL> SELECT UPPER(FIRST_NAME ||' ' || LAST_NAME) AS NAME
   2  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE MANAGER_ID IN(
   4  SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   5  WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Alexander' AND LAST_NAME = 'Hunold');

NAME
----------------------------------------------
BRUCE ERNST
DAVID AUSTIN
VALLI PATABALLA
DIANA LORENTZ

--或採用以下方法

SQL> SELECT UPPER( EMP1.FIRST_NAME || ' ' ||  EMP1.LAST_NAME) AS NAME
  2  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES EMP1,HR.EMPLOYEES EMP2
  3  WHERE EMP1.MANAGER_ID = EMP2.EMPLOYEE_ID
  4  AND EMP2.FIRST_NAME = 'Alexander' AND EMP2.LAST_NAME =  'Hunold';

NAME
----------------------------------------------
BRUCE ERNST
DAVID AUSTIN
VALLI PATABALLA
DIANA LORENTZ

/*--------6、哪些員工的工資高於他直接上司的工資，列出員工的名字和工資，上司的名字和工資。---------*/

SQL> SELECT E.FIRST_NAME,E.SALARY,M.FIRST_NAME,M.SALARY
  2  FROM EMPLOYEES E,EMPLOYEES M
  3  WHERE E.MANAGER_ID = M.EMPLOYEE_ID AND E.SALARY > M.SALARY;

FIRST_NAME               SALARY FIRST_NAME               SALARY
-------------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------
Lisa                   11500.00 Gerald                 11000.00
Ellen                  11000.00 Eleni                  10500.00

--要是隻列出員工的名字與工資的話，還可以這樣：

SQL> SELECT E.FIRST_NAME,E.SALARY
  2  FROM EMPLOYEES E WHERE E.SALARY >
  3 (SELECT M.SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES M
  4  WHERE E.MANAGER_ID = M.EMPLOYEE_ID);

FIRST_NAME               SALARY
-------------------- ----------
Lisa                   11500.00
Ellen                  11000.00

/*--------7、哪些員工和Chen(LAST_NAME)同部門。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES
  2  WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID IN
  3  (SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE LAST_NAME = 'Chen')
  4  AND LAST_NAME <> 'Chen';

FIRST_NAME
--------------------
Nancy
Daniel
Ismael
Jose Manuel
Luis
--或者--

SQL> SELECT E1.FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES E1,EMPLOYEES E2
  2  WHERE E1.DEPARTMENT_ID = E2.DEPARTMENT_ID
  3  AND E2.LAST_NAME = 'Chen' AND E1.LAST_NAME <> 'Chen';

FIRST_NAME
--------------------
Nancy
Daniel
Ismael
Jose Manuel
Luis

/*--------8、哪些員工跟De Haan(LAST_NAME)做一樣職位。---------*/
SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES
  2  WHERE JOB_ID IN
  3  (SELECT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
  4  WHERE LAST_NAME = 'De Haan')
  5  AND LAST_NAME <> 'De Haan';

FIRST_NAME
--------------------
Neena

--或者--

SQL> SELECT E1.FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES E1,EMPLOYEES E2
  2  WHERE E1.JOB_ID = E2.JOB_ID
  3  AND E2.LAST_NAME = 'De Haan' AND E1.LAST_NAME <> 'De Haan';

FIRST_NAME
--------------------
Neena

/*--------9、哪些員工跟Hall(LAST_NAME)不在同一個部門。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
  2  WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID NOT IN(
  3  SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
  4  WHERE LAST_NAME = 'Hall');

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Steven King
Neena Kochhar
Lex De Haan
Alexander Hunold
Bruce Ernst
David Austin
Valli Pataballa
Diana Lorentz
Nancy Greenberg
--...初始有72條數據

--或者：

SQL> SELECT e1.FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES e1,EMPLOYEES e2
  2  WHERE e1.DEPARTMENT_ID = e2.DEPARTMENT_ID(+)
  3  and e2.LAST_NAME(+) = 'Hall'
  4  and e2.LAST_NAME IS NULL;

/*-------10、哪些員工跟William（FIRST_NAME）、Smith(LAST_NAME)做不一樣的職位。--------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
  2  WHERE JOB_ID <> (SELECT DISTINCT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
  3  WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'William' AND LAST_NAME = 'Smith');

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Steven King
Neena Kochhar
Lex De Haan
Alexander Hunold
----...初始有77條數據

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/*--------11、顯示有提成的員工的信息：名字、提成、所在部門名稱、所在地區的名稱。---------*/

SQL> SELECT E.FIRST_NAME || ' ' || E.LAST_NAME AS NAME,
  2  E.COMMISSION_PCT,D.DEPARTMENT_NAME,L.CITY
  3  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES E,HR.DEPARTMENTS D,HR.LOCATIONS L
  4  WHERE E.DEPARTMENT_ID = D.DEPARTMENT_ID
  5  AND D.LOCATION_ID = L.LOCATION_ID
  6  AND E.COMMISSION_PCT IS NOT NULL;

/*--------12、顯示Executive部門有哪些職位。---------*/
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT E.JOB_ID FROM HR.EMPLOYEES E,HR.DEPARTMENTS D
  2  WHERE D.DEPARTMENT_ID = E.DEPARTMENT_ID
  3  AND D.DEPARTMENT_NAME = 'Executive';

JOB_ID
----------
AD_PRES
AD_VP

/*--------13、整個公司中，最高工資和最低工資相差多少。---------*/
SQL> SELECT MAX(SALARY) - MIN(SALARY) FROM HR.EMPLOYEES;

MAX(SALARY)-MIN(SALARY)
-----------------------
                  21900

/*--------14、提成大於0 的人數。---------*/
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) AS 提成大小0的人數 FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
  2  WHERE COMMISSION_PCT > 0;

       提成大小0的人數
---------------
             35
--或者

SQL> SELECT COUNT(COMMISSION_PCT) AS 提成大小0的人數 
  2   FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
  3   WHERE COMMISSION_PCT > 0;
       提成大小0的人數
---------------
             35

/*--------15、顯示整個公司的最高工資、最低工資、工資總和、平均工資保留到整數位。---------*/

SQL> SELECT MAX(NVL(SALARY,0)) AS 最高工資,
  2           MIN(NVL(SALARY,0)) AS 最低工資,
  3           SUM(NVL(SALARY,0)) AS 工資總和,
  4           ROUND(AVG(NVL(SALARY,0))) AS 平均工資
  5  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES;

      最高工資       最低工資       工資總和       平均工資
      ----------    ----------      ----------     ---------
      24000          2100           698011         6523

/*--------16、整個公司有多少個領導。---------*/
SQL> SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(MANAGER_ID))  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
   2  WHERE MANAGER_ID IS NOT NULL;

COUNT(DISTINCT(MANAGER_ID))
---------------------------
                         18

/*--------17、列出在同一部門入職日期晚但工資高於其他同事的員工：
名字、工資、入職日期。---------*/

SQL> SELECT DISTINCT E1.FIRST_NAME || ' ' || E1.LAST_NAME AS 姓名,
  2         E1.SALARY AS 工資,E1.HIRE_DATE AS 入職日期
  3  FROM HR.EMPLOYEES E1,HR.EMPLOYEES E2
  4  WHERE E1.DEPARTMENT_ID = E2.DEPARTMENT_ID
  5  AND E1.HIRE_DATE > E2.HIRE_DATE
  6  AND E1.SALARY > E2.SALARY
  7  ORDER BY 工資 DESC;

姓名                                                   工資 入職日期
---------------------------------------------- ---------- -----------
John Russell                                     14000.00 1996-10-1
Karen Partners                                   13500.00 1997-1-5
Alberto Errazuriz                                12000.00 1997-3-10
Nancy Greenberg                                  12000.00 1994-8-17
Lisa Ozer                                        11500.00 1997-3-11
Ellen Abel                                       11000.00 1996-5-11
Gerald Cambrault                                 11000.00 1999-10-15
Clara Vishney                                    10500.00 1997-11-11
Eleni Zlotkey                                    10500.00 2000-1-29
Harrison Bloom                                   10000.00 1998-3-23
Peter Tucker                                     10000.00 1997-1-30
Tayler Fox                                        9600.00 1998-1-24
Danielle Greene                                   9500.00 1999-3-19
David Bernstein                                   9500.00 1997-3-24
Peter Hall                                        9000.00 1997-8-20
Alyssa Hutton                                     8800.00 1997-3-19
Jonathon Taylor                                   8600.00 1998-3-24
Adam Fripp                                        8200.00 1997-4-10
Christopher Olsen                                 8000.00 1998-3-30
Jack Livingston                                   8000.00 1998-4-23
Matthew Weiss                                     8000.00 1996-7-18
Jose Manuel Urman                                 7800.00 1998-3-7
Nanette Cambrault                                 7500.00 1998-12-9
William Smith                                     7400.00 1999-2-23
Elizabeth Bates                                   7300.00 1999-3-24
Charles Johnson                                   7211.00 2000-1-4
Mattea Marvins                                    7200.00 2000-1-24
Shanta Vollman                                    6500.00 1997-10-10
Kevin Mourgos                                     5800.00 1999-11-16
Nandita Sarchand                                  4200.00 1996-1-27
Alexis Bull                                       4100.00 1997-2-20
Sarah Bell                                        4000.00 1996-2-4
Britney Everett                                   3900.00 1997-3-3
Kelly Chung                                       3800.00 1997-6-14
Jennifer Dilly                                    3600.00 1997-8-13
Julia Dellinger                                   3400.00 1998-6-24
Laura Bissot                                      3300.00 1997-8-20
Julia Nayer                                       3200.00 1997-7-16
Samuel McCain                                     3200.00 1998-7-1
Stephen Stiles                                    3200.00 1997-10-26
Winston Taylor                                    3200.00 1998-1-24
Alana Walsh                                       3100.00 1998-4-24
Jean Fleaur                                       3100.00 1998-2-23
Anthony Cabrio                                    3000.00 1999-2-7
Kevin Feeney                                      3000.00 1998-5-23
Michael Rogers                                    2900.00 1998-8-26
Shelli Baida                                      2900.00 1997-12-24
Timothy Gates                                     2900.00 1998-7-11
Girard Geoni                                      2800.00 2000-2-3
Mozhe Atkinson                                    2800.00 1997-10-30
Vance Jones                                       2800.00 1999-3-17
Irene Mikkilineni                                 2700.00 1998-9-28
John Seo                                          2700.00 1998-2-12
Donald OConnell                                   2600.00 1999-6-21
Douglas Grant                                     2600.00 2000-1-13
Randall Matos                                     2600.00 1998-3-15
Martha Sullivan                                   2500.00 1999-6-21
Randall Perkins                                   2500.00 1999-12-19
Ki Gee                                            2400.00 1999-12-12
Hazel Philtanker                                  2200.00 2000-2-6
Steven Markle                                     2200.00 2000-3-8

61 rows selected

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