ORACLE SQL：經典查詢練手第五篇

本文使用ORACLE自帶的人力資源（HR）實例數據，本文所用表結構如下：

表名：REGIONS

序號	列名	數據類型	長度	小數位	標識	主鍵	允許空	默認值	說明
1	REGION_ID	NUMBER	是	否
2	REGION_NAME	VARCHAR2	25	是

表名：COUNTRIES

序號	列名	數據類型	長度	小數位	標識	主鍵	允許空	默認值	說明
1	COUNTRY_ID	CHAR	2	是	否
2	COUNTRY_NAME	VARCHAR2	40	是
3	REGION_ID	NUMBER	是

表名：LOCATIONS

序號	列名	數據類型	長度	小數位	標識	主鍵	允許空	默認值	說明
1	LOCATION_ID	NUMBER	4	0	是	否
2	STREET_ADDRESS	VARCHAR2	40	是
3	POSTAL_CODE	VARCHAR2	12	是
4	CITY	VARCHAR2	30	否
5	STATE_PROVINCE	VARCHAR2	25	是
6	COUNTRY_ID	CHAR	2	是

表名：DEPARTMENTS

序號	列名	數據類型	長度	小數位	標識	主鍵	允許空	默認值	說明
1	DEPARTMENT_ID	NUMBER	4	0	是	否
2	DEPARTMENT_NAME	VARCHAR2	30	否
3	MANAGER_ID	NUMBER	6	0	是
4	LOCATION_ID	NUMBER	4	0	是

表名：JOBS

序號	列名	數據類型	長度	小數位	標識	主鍵	允許空	默認值	說明
1	JOB_ID	VARCHAR2	10	是	否
2	JOB_TITLE	VARCHAR2	35	否
3	MIN_SALARY	NUMBER	6	0	是
4	MAX_SALARY	NUMBER	6	0	是

表名：EMPLOYEES

序號	列名	數據類型	長度	小數位	標識	主鍵	允許空	默認值	說明
1	EMPLOYEE_ID	NUMBER	6	0	是	否
2	FIRST_NAME	VARCHAR2	20	是
3	LAST_NAME	VARCHAR2	25	否
4	EMAIL	VARCHAR2	25	否
5	PHONE_NUMBER	VARCHAR2	20	是
6	HIRE_DATE	DATE	7	否
7	JOB_ID	VARCHAR2	10	否
8	SALARY	NUMBER	8	2	是
9	COMMISSION_PCT	NUMBER	2	2	是
10	MANAGER_ID	NUMBER	6	0	是
11	DEPARTMENT_ID	NUMBER	4	0	是

ER圖：

用SQL完成以下問題列表：

1. 哪些部門的人數比90 號部門的人數多。
2. Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)的領導是誰（非關聯子查詢）。
3. Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME) 領導誰（非關聯子查詢）。
4. Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME) 的領導是誰（關聯子查詢）。
5. Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME) 領導誰（關聯子查詢）。
6. 列出在同一部門共事，入職日期晚但工資高於其他同事的員工：名字、工資、入職日期
（關聯子查詢）。
7. 哪些員工跟Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)不在同一個部門（非關聯子查詢）。
8. 哪些員工跟Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)不在同一個部門（關聯子查詢）。
9.  Finance部門有哪些職位（非關聯子查詢）。
10. Finance部門有哪些職位（關聯子查詢）。

複製代碼

各試題解答如下（歡迎大家指出不同的方法或建議！）：

/*--------1、哪些部門的人數比90號部門的人數多。---------*/

SQL> SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID,COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEES
   2  GROUP BY DEPARTMENT_ID
   3  HAVING COUNT(*) >
   4         (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEES
   5          WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = 90
   6         );

DEPARTMENT_ID   COUNT(*)
------------- ----------
           30          6
           50         45
           60          5
           80         34
          100          6

/*-------2、Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)的
領導是誰（非關聯子查詢）。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
   2  FROM EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID =
   4        (SELECT MANAGER_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
   5         WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Den'
   6         AND   LAST_NAME  = 'Raphaely'
   7        );

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Steven King

/*-------3、Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)領導誰（非關聯子查詢）。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
   2  FROM EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE MANAGER_ID IN
   4        (SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
   5         WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Den'
   6         AND   LAST_NAME  = 'Raphaely'
   7        );

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Alexander Khoo
Shelli Baida
Sigal Tobias
Guy Himuro
Karen Colmenares

--或者

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
   2  FROM EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE MANAGER_ID =
   4        (SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
   5         WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Den'
   6         AND   LAST_NAME  = 'Raphaely'
   7        );

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Alexander Khoo
Shelli Baida
Sigal Tobias
Guy Himuro
Karen Colmenares

/*-------4、Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)的領導是誰（關聯子查詢）。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
   2  FROM EMPLOYEES EMP1
   3  WHERE EXISTS (
   4        SELECT 1 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP2
   5        WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Den'
   6        AND LAST_NAME  = 'Raphaely'
   7        AND EMP2.MANAGER_ID = EMP1.EMPLOYEE_ID);

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Steven King

/*-------5、Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)領導誰（關聯子查詢）。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
   2  FROM EMPLOYEES EMP1
   3  WHERE EXISTS (
   4        SELECT 1 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP2
   5        WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Den'
   6        AND LAST_NAME  = 'Raphaely'
   7        AND EMP2.EMPLOYEE_ID = EMP1.MANAGER_ID);

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Alexander Khoo
Shelli Baida
Sigal Tobias
Guy Himuro
Karen Colmenares

複製代碼

/*-------6、列出在同一部門共事，入職日期晚但工資高於其他同事的員工：
名字、工資、入職日期（關聯子查詢）。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME AS 姓名,
   2          SALARY AS 工資,HIRE_DATE AS 入職日期
   3  FROM EMPLOYEES EMP1
   4  WHERE EXISTS (
   5        SELECT 1 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP2
   6        WHERE EMP2.DEPARTMENT_ID = EMP1.DEPARTMENT_ID
  7        AND   EMP1.HIRE_DATE > EMP2.HIRE_DATE
   8        AND   EMP1.SALARY    > EMP2.SALARY
  9        );

姓名                                                   工資 入職日期
---------------------------------------------- ---------- -----------
Nancy Greenberg                                  12000.00 1994-8-17
Jose Manuel Urman                                 7800.00 1998-3-7
Shelli Baida                                      2900.00 1997-12-24
Adam Fripp                                        8200.00 1997-4-10
Matthew Weiss                                     8000.00 1996-7-18
Jennifer Dilly                                    3600.00 1997-8-13
Julia Dellinger                                   3400.00 1998-6-24
Laura Bissot                                      3300.00 1997-8-20
Kevin Mourgos                                     5800.00 1999-11-16
Shanta Vollman                                    6500.00 1997-10-10
Vance Jones                                       2800.00 1999-3-17
Anthony Cabrio                                    3000.00 1999-2-7
Girard Geoni                                      2800.00 2000-2-3
Douglas Grant                                     2600.00 2000-1-13
Donald OConnell                                   2600.00 1999-6-21
Randall Perkins                                   2500.00 1999-12-19
Martha Sullivan                                   2500.00 1999-6-21
Kevin Feeney                                      3000.00 1998-5-23
Alana Walsh                                       3100.00 1998-4-24
Samuel McCain                                     3200.00 1998-7-1
Timothy Gates                                     2900.00 1998-7-11
Jean Fleaur                                       3100.00 1998-2-23
Winston Taylor                                    3200.00 1998-1-24
Michael Rogers                                    2900.00 1998-8-26
Britney Everett                                   3900.00 1997-3-3
Kelly Chung                                       3800.00 1997-6-14
Alexis Bull                                       4100.00 1997-2-20
Randall Matos                                     2600.00 1998-3-15
John Seo                                          2700.00 1998-2-12
Stephen Stiles                                    3200.00 1997-10-26
Mozhe Atkinson                                    2800.00 1997-10-30
Irene Mikkilineni                                 2700.00 1998-9-28
Julia Nayer                                       3200.00 1997-7-16
Hazel Philtanker                                  2200.00 2000-2-6
Ki Gee                                            2400.00 1999-12-12
Steven Markle                                     2200.00 2000-3-8
Sarah Bell                                        4000.00 1996-2-4
Nandita Sarchand                                  4200.00 1996-1-27
Lisa Ozer                                        11500.00 1997-3-11
Clara Vishney                                    10500.00 1997-11-11
Eleni Zlotkey                                    10500.00 2000-1-29
Gerald Cambrault                                 11000.00 1999-10-15
Alberto Errazuriz                                12000.00 1997-3-10
Tayler Fox                                        9600.00 1998-1-24
Harrison Bloom                                   10000.00 1998-3-23
Danielle Greene                                   9500.00 1999-3-19
Charles Johnson                                   7211.00 2000-1-4
Mattea Marvins                                    7200.00 2000-1-24
Ellen Abel                                       11000.00 1996-5-11
Karen Partners                                   13500.00 1997-1-5
John Russell                                     14000.00 1996-10-1
Peter Tucker                                     10000.00 1997-1-30
David Bernstein                                   9500.00 1997-3-24
Jonathon Taylor                                   8600.00 1998-3-24
Alyssa Hutton                                     8800.00 1997-3-19
Peter Hall                                        9000.00 1997-8-20
Jack Livingston                                   8000.00 1998-4-23
Christopher Olsen                                 8000.00 1998-3-30
Elizabeth Bates                                   7300.00 1999-3-24
William Smith                                     7400.00 1999-2-23
Nanette Cambrault                                 7500.00 1998-12-9

61 rows selected

/*-------7、哪些員工跟Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)
不在同一個部門（非關聯子查詢）。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
  2  FROM EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID <>
  4        (SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
   5         WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Den'
  6         AND LAST_NAME  = 'Raphaely'
  7        );

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Steven King
Neena Kochhar
Lex De Haan
Alexander Hunold
Bruce Ernst
David Austin
Valli Pataballa
--等等

--或者

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
   2  FROM EMPLOYEES
   3  WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID NOT IN
   4        (SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
   5         WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Den'
   6         AND LAST_NAME  = 'Raphaely'
   7        );

/*-------8、哪些員工跟Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)
不在同一個部門（關聯子查詢）。---------*/

SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
   2  FROM EMPLOYEES EMP1
   3  WHERE NOT EXISTS (
   4        SELECT 1 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP2
   5        WHERE EMP1.DEPARTMENT_ID = EMP2.DEPARTMENT_ID
   6        AND EMP2.FIRST_NAME =  'Den'
   7        AND EMP2.LAST_NAME  =  'Raphaely');

FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Kimberely Grant
Lex De Haan
Neena Kochhar
Steven King
Pat Fay
Michael Hartstein
Diana Lorentz
Valli Pataballa
--等等

/*-------9、Finance部門有哪些職位（非關聯子查詢）。---------*/

SQL> SELECT DISTINCT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
   2  WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = (
   3        SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM DEPARTMENTS
   4        WHERE DEPARTMENT_NAME = 'Finance');

JOB_ID
----------
FI_ACCOUNT
FI_MGR

--或者

SQL> SELECT DISTINCT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
   2  WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID IN (
   3        SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM DEPARTMENTS
   4        WHERE DEPARTMENT_NAME = 'Finance');

JOB_ID
----------
FI_ACCOUNT
FI_MGR

/*-------10、Finance部門有哪些職位（關聯子查詢）。---------*/
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
   2  WHERE EXISTS(
   3        SELECT 1 FROM DEPARTMENTS
   4        WHERE EMPLOYEES.DEPARTMENT_ID = DEPARTMENTS.DEPARTMENT_ID
   5        AND DEPARTMENTS.DEPARTMENT_NAME = 'Finance');

JOB_ID
----------
FI_ACCOUNT
FI_MGR

複製代碼