前言：對於第一次接觸分佈式dubbo框架的小夥伴，可先自行了解一下dubbo的相關原理和運行機制。博主推薦一篇不錯的博文，小夥伴們可以閱覽後，再學習本文dubbo分佈式項目搭建。
dubbo基本原理：https://blog.csdn.net/en_joker/article/details/89946034
本文借鑑以下博客：Dubbo入門---搭建一個最簡單的Demo框架
1. Zookeeper 安裝配置
下載地址：https://zookeeper.apache.org/releases.html
官網安裝教程：http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/r3.5.5/zookeeperStarted.html
百度網盤鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/141kQcKae7ay7-O7WVAORsg 提取碼：jaij
下載解壓後，將bin下的zoo_sample.cfg文件複製一份並修改文件名爲zoo.cfg，編輯該文件配置信息如下所示：
# The number of milliseconds of each tick 心跳間隔 毫秒每次
tickTime=2000
# The number of ticks that the initial
# synchronization phase can take
initLimit=10
# The number of ticks that can pass between
# sending a request and getting anacknowledgement
syncLimit=5
# the directory where the snapshot isstored. //鏡像數據位置
dataDir=D:\\layduo\\dubbo\\data
#日誌位置
dataLogDir=D:\\layduo\\dubbo\\logs
# the port at which the clients willconnect 客戶端連接的端口
clientPort=2181
完成以上配置後，啓動Zookeeper服務，進入安裝目錄bin下，輸入以下命令：
zkServer.cmd
重新cmd開啓另一個窗口，輸入以下命令查看啓動狀態：
jps -l -v
進入安裝目錄bin下，輸入以下命令連接Zookeeper：
zkCli.cmd 127.0.0.1:2181
2. dubbo-admin安裝配置
由於dubbo被阿里捐獻給了apache,這次安裝admin時，參考網上的資料，地址還是停留在之前的鏈接，踩了不少坑，這裏記錄下。
dubbo-admin下載地址：
地址一：https://github.com/apache/incubator-dubbo/releases 該地址2.6版本以上的包中沒有dubbo-admin ,2.5x版本的有。
地址二：https://github.com/apache/incubator-dubbo-ops 該地址中的dubbo-admin（默認端口7001）模塊被單獨拎出來了，springboot方式啓動，可以直接運行main方法，或者使用 java -jar 方式啓動，很方便，有github賬號的可以fork一下。
現成的dubbo-admin.war百度網盤鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ZeD_FJbwA58ji1msfVz41A 提取碼：evgq
下載後把dubbo-admin通過mvn命令行將dubbo-admin打成war包，進入dubbo-admin目錄下，通過以下命令打包：
mvn package -Dmaven.skip.test=true
接着將打包好war包放在tomcat的webapps目錄下，啓動tomcat，war包將會自動解壓。然後修改WEB-INF下的dubbo.properties文件，初始root和guest賬戶密碼：
dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
dubbo.admin.root.password=root
dubbo.admin.guest.password=guest
最後測試dubbo-admin訪問是否能成功，瀏覽器訪問http://ip:端口/dubbo-admin，輸入賬號密碼進入主頁面說明配置成功。
3. 項目搭建（開發環境jdk1.7 + maven + spring + dubbo + zookeeper + idea）
項目結構如下所示：其中dubbo是父級項目，裏面的三個都是子項目，dubbo-api是接口管理，dubbo-provider是服務提供方，dubbo-consumer是服務消費方。
dubbo項目根路徑下的pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.layduo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>dubbo-api</module>
<module>dubbo-provider</module>
<module>dubbo-consumer</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
<!-- spring版本號 -->
<spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- mybatis版本號 -->
<mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>
<!-- mysql驅動版本號 -->
<mysql-driver.version>5.1.29</mysql-driver.version>
<!-- log4j日誌包版本號 -->
<slf4j.version>1.7.18</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 添加junit4依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<!-- 指定範圍，在測試時纔會加載 -->
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加jstl依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加spring核心依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加mybatis依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加mybatis/spring整合包依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加mysql驅動依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql-driver.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加數據庫連接池依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.22</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加日誌相關jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<!-- 映入JSON -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.13</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>dubbo</finalName>
</build>
</project>
dubbo-api下的pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.layduo</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>dubbo-api Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>dubbo-api</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
dubbo-provider下的pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.layduo</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.layduo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
dubbo-consumer下的pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.layduo</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.layduo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
注意：dubbo-provider和dubbo-consumer中pom.xml記得添加一下依賴：
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.layduo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
api聲明接口，如下所示：
package com.layduo.dubbo.demo;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by wy on 2017/4/13.
*/
public interface DemoService {
List<String> getPermissions(Long id);
}
provider提供服務，如下所示：
package com.layduo.dubbo.demo.impl;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import com.layduo.dubbo.demo.DemoService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@Component("demoService")
@Service(version = "1.0")
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
@Override
public List<String> getPermissions(Long id) {
List<String> demo = new ArrayList<String>();
demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id - 1));
demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id));
demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id + 1));
return demo;
}
}
provider.xml聲明暴露服務，如下所示：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!--定義了提供方應用信息，用於計算依賴關係；在 dubbo-admin 或 dubbo-monitor 會顯示這個名字，方便辨識-->
<dubbo:application name="demotest-provider" owner="programmer" organization="dubbox"/>
<!--使用 zookeeper 註冊中心暴露服務，注意要先開啓 zookeeper-->
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181"/>
<!-- 用dubbo協議在20880端口暴露服務 -->
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
<!--設置超時時間-->
<dubbo:provider timeout="600000"/>
<!--1、通過掃描servive註解注入實現類的bean-->
<!--掃描dubbo的service註解,在接口實現類上使用註解注入bean -->
<!-- 配置dubbo註解識別處理器，不指定包名的話會在spring bean中查找對應實例的類配置了dubbo註解的 -->
<dubbo:annotation package="com.layduo.dubbo.demo.impl"/>
<!--使用 dubbo 協議實現定義好的 api.PermissionService 接口-->
<dubbo:service interface="com.layduo.dubbo.demo.DemoService" ref="demoService" protocol="dubbo" />
<!--2、通過手動配置實現類的bean注入，每個接口實現類都得注入，不推薦這樣的寫法-->
<!--具體實現該接口的 bean-->
<!--<bean id="demoService" class="com.layduo.dubbo.demo.impl.DemoServiceImpl"/>-->
</beans>
consumer.xml引用遠程服務，如下所示：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!--引用dubbo服務-->
<dubbo:application name="demotest-consumer" owner="programmer" organization="dubbox"/>
<!--設置超時時間-->
<dubbo:consumer timeout="600000"/>
<!--向 zookeeper 訂閱 provider 的地址，由 zookeeper 定時推送-->
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181"/>
<!--使用 dubbo 協議調用定義好的 api.DemoService 接口-->
<dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="com.layduo.dubbo.demo.DemoService"/>
</beans>
調用遠程服務前，請確保服務先要啓動。
啓動遠程服務：
package com.layduo.dubbo.demo.impl;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Provider {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Provider.class);
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("provider.xml");
logger.info(context.getDisplayName() + ": here");
context.start();
logger.info("服務已經啓動...");
System.in.read();
}
}
啓動消費者調用遠程服務：
package com.layduo.dubbo.consumer;
import com.layduo.dubbo.demo.DemoService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Consumer {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Consumer.class);
//使用@Reference註解注入dubbo服務
public static void main(String[] args){
//測試常規服務
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("consumer.xml");
context.start();
logger.info("consumer start");
DemoService demoService = context.getBean(DemoService.class);
logger.info("consumer");
System.out.println(demoService.getPermissions(1L));
}
}
最後瀏覽器登錄dubbo-admin查看服務提供者和消費者的情況：
需要項目源碼的可以用git從https://github.com/builthuLin/dubbo.git 克隆到自己本地運行~
