redis 跳躍表

每次創建一個新跳躍表節點的時候，程序都根據冪次定律（power law, 越大的數出現的概率越小）隨機生成一個介於1和32之間的值作爲level數組大小，這個大小就是高度.

在同一跳躍表中，各個節點保存的成員對象必須是唯一的，但是多個節點保存的分值卻是可以相同的：分值相同的節點將按照成員對象在字典中的大小來進行排序，成員對象較小的節點會排在前面，而成員較大的節點會排在後面

跳躍表數據結構：

typedef struct zskiplistNode {
    robj *obj;
    double score;                                //分數
    struct zskiplistNode *backward;                //後退指針
    struct zskiplistLevel {
        struct zskiplistNode *forward;              //前進指針
        unsigned int span;                        //跨度
    } level[];
} zskiplistNode;

typedef struct zskiplist {
    struct zskiplistNode *header, *tail;                //header 和 tail
    unsigned long length;                           //節點數量
    int level;                                       //節點層數
} zskiplist;

跳躍表API:

//創建skiplist
zskiplist *zslCreate(void) {
    int j;
    zskiplist *zsl;

    zsl = zmalloc(sizeof(*zsl)); //創建skiplist結構
    zsl->level = 1;
    zsl->length = 0;
    zsl->header = zslCreateNode(ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL,0,NULL); //申請header
    for (j = 0; j < ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL; j++) {
        zsl->header->level[j].forward = NULL;
        zsl->header->level[j].span = 0;
    }
    zsl->header->backward = NULL;
    zsl->tail = NULL;
    return zsl;
}
//釋放skiplist
void zslFree(zskiplist *zsl) {
    zskiplistNode *node = zsl->header->level[0].forward, *next;

    zfree(zsl->header);
    while(node) {
        next = node->level[0].forward;
        zslFreeNode(node);
        node = next;
    }
    zfree(zsl);
}
//添加節點
zskiplistNode *zslInsert(zskiplist *zsl, double score, robj *obj) {
    zskiplistNode *update[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL], *x;
    unsigned int rank[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL];
    int i, level;

    redisAssert(!isnan(score));
    x = zsl->header;
    for (i = zsl->level-1; i >= 0; i--) {
        /* store rank that is crossed to reach the insert position */
        rank[i] = i == (zsl->level-1) ? 0 : rank[i+1];
        while (x->level[i].forward &&
            (x->level[i].forward->score < score ||
                (x->level[i].forward->score == score &&
                compareStringObjects(x->level[i].forward->obj,obj) < 0))) {
            rank[i] += x->level[i].span;
            x = x->level[i].forward;
     	   }
        update[i] = x;
    }
    /* we assume the key is not already inside, since we allow duplicated
     * scores, and the re-insertion of score and redis object should never
     * happen since the caller of zslInsert() should test in the hash table
     * if the element is already inside or not. */
    level = zslRandomLevel();
    if (level > zsl->level) {
        for (i = zsl->level; i < level; i++) {
            rank[i] = 0;
            update[i] = zsl->header;
            update[i]->level[i].span = zsl->length;
        }
        zsl->level = level;
    }
    x = zslCreateNode(level,score,obj);
    for (i = 0; i < level; i++) {
        x->level[i].forward = update[i]->level[i].forward;
        update[i]->level[i].forward = x;

        /* update span covered by update[i] as x is inserted here */
        x->level[i].span = update[i]->level[i].span - (rank[0] - rank[i]);
        update[i]->level[i].span = (rank[0] - rank[i]) + 1;
    }

    /* increment span for untouched levels */
    for (i = level; i < zsl->level; i++) {
        update[i]->level[i].span++;
    }

    x->backward = (update[0] == zsl->header) ? NULL : update[0];
    if (x->level[0].forward)
        x->level[0].forward->backward = x;
    else
        zsl->tail = x;
    zsl->length++;
    return x;
}
//刪除
int zslDelete(zskiplist *zsl, double score, robj *obj) {
    zskiplistNode *update[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL], *x;
    int i;

    x = zsl->header;
    for (i = zsl->level-1; i >= 0; i--) {
        while (x->level[i].forward &&
            (x->level[i].forward->score < score ||
                (x->level[i].forward->score == score &&
                compareStringObjects(x->level[i].forward->obj,obj) < 0)))
            x = x->level[i].forward;
        update[i] = x;
    }
    /* We may have multiple elements with the same score, what we need
     * is to find the element with both the right score and object. */
    x = x->level[0].forward;
    if (x && score == x->score && equalStringObjects(x->obj,obj)) {
        zslDeleteNode(zsl, x, update);
        zslFreeNode(x);
        return 1;
    }
    return 0; /* not found */
}